中国农业智能传感器的应用、问题与发展

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.210201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业智能传感器是智慧农业的关键核心技术之一。本文首先阐述了智能传感器的概念、特征和实现方法，从而引入了农业智能传感器的构成、发展与应用。根据检测对象的不同，将农业智能传感器分为生命信息、环境信息和品质安全三大类，其中，生命信息智能传感器分为植物和动物生命信息，环境信息智能传感器分为水体、土壤、畜禽和气象环境信息。从目前农业智能传感器的构成与应用现状可以发现，当前我国农业智能传感器存在集成化程度较低（模块化方式实现）、农业智能传感器的核心元件（传感器元器件和微控制器）严重依赖进口、智能化程度不高等问题，应用范围有限。针对上述问题，分别从农业智能传感器技术中的核心控制器、农业传感器、无线通信网络和配套算法四个方面进行了深入剖析，其根源在于我国缺乏农业专用的核心控制器、自主研发的高端农业传感器少、缺乏农业适用的无线通信网络协议及高精度的智能传感器算法。针对以上问题，分别从研发中国“农业芯”和高性能MEMS传感器、构建农业专用无线网络和开发高性能智能算法方面提出可行对策，将有助于推进农业智能传感器的中国智造进程。在智慧农业快速发展的当下，农业智能传感器的中国智造之举至关重要。

关键词: 农业智能传感器, MEMS传感器, 智能算法, 无线通信, 微控制器, 科学数据采集

Abstract:

Agricultural smart sensors are among the key technologies of intelligent agriculture. This paper describes the concept, characteristics, and implementation methods of smart sensors and introduces the composition, development, and application of agricultural smart sensors. The agricultural smart sensors were classified into three categories, based on the type of information they detect: life information, environmental information, and quality and safety sensors. The life information smart sensors detect plant and animal life information, and the environmental information smart sensors detect information about water, soil, livestock and poultry, and meteorological events. Currently, the application of agricultural smart sensors in China faces several problems. These include a low degree of integration (modular implementation), a heavy reliance on imports for the core components of agricultural smart sensors (sensor components and microcontroller), a low degree of intelligence, and limited application scope. The root causes of these problems mainly lie in the lack of core controllers dedicated to agriculture, the lack of self-developed high-end agricultural sensors, and the lack of dedicated wireless communication network protocols and high-precision smart sensor algorithms. The paper proposes some feasible countermeasures, such as manufacturing China’s “agricultural core” and high-performance MEMS sensors, constructing special agricultural wireless networks, and developing high-performance smart algorithms. If implemented, these countermeasures will help promote the intelligent manufacturing of agricultural smart sensors in China. With the rapid development of smart agriculture, China’s smart manufacturing of agricultural smart sensors is crucial.

Key words: agricultural smart sensor, MEMS based sensor, intelligent algorithm, wireless communication, microcontroller, scientific data acquisition

中图分类号:

TP212.6

颜瑞, 王震, 李言浩, 李哲敏, 李娴. 中国农业智能传感器的应用、问题与发展[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(2): 3-15.

Rui Yan, Zhen Wang, Yanhao Li, Zhemin Li, Xian Li. The Application, Problems and Development of China's Agricultural Smart Sensors[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2021, 3(2): 3-15.

图/表 3

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