不同葡萄砧木贮藏营养及矿质营养比较

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.220313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的文章研究旨在分析不同葡萄砧木品种一年生枝条贮藏营养及矿质营养含量，为葡萄砧木的选择与应用提供数据支持。方法基于中国农业科学院果树研究所收集的19个葡萄砧木品种，分析测定各砧木品种枝条可溶性糖、淀粉、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白及矿质元素氮、磷、钾及镁的含量，并利用聚类分析研究各品种间的相似性。结果各砧木枝条均以可溶性糖为其贮藏营养的主要成分，范围在44～93mg/g，品种间差异显著。游离氨基酸的含量范围在0.8～3.5mg/g之间变化，可溶性蛋白的含量变化较小。枝条中钾与磷的含量显著高于氮且高于镁的含量。其中不同品种间钾及镁的含量差异显著，氮与磷的变化幅度相对较小。对19个砧木品种进行聚类分析，可获得7个类群。其中140R自成一个类群，其可溶性糖与淀粉的含量相当，游离氨基酸含量最高，但P与N的含量较低；101-14、420A及抗砧1号聚集形成的类群具有较高的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及氮含量；34EM、225Ru、5BB及1103P聚集形成的类群钾、镁、磷吸收效率较高。结论在葡萄砧木枝条中，可溶性糖是其贮藏营养的主要成分物质，矿质元素以钾的含量最高，各砧木枝条中贮藏营养和矿质营养含量差异显著，砧木表现出的不同特点或成为砧木利用的依据。

关键词: 葡萄砧木, 贮藏营养, 矿质营养, 聚类分析

Abstract:

Objective This study analyzed different grapevine rootstocks storage and mineral nutrition content in juvenile branch and aimed to provide data for selection and usage of rootstocks. Method Nineteen grapevine rootstocks were collected by fruit research institute, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences and soluble sugar (SS), starch, free amino acid (FAA), soluble protein (SP), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) content were measured and analyzed in juvenile branch and clustering analysis was used to study similarity of different cultivars. Result SS was the main component of storage nutrient in all rootstocks ranging from 44 to 93mg/g, and the difference was significant between treatments. FAA content was fluctuated from 0.8 to 3.5mg/g, meanwhile, SP content had little change. K and P content were significant higher than N and Mg content in branch. K and Mg contents had significant difference between different cultivars, however, the amplitude of variation of nitrogen and P content were smaller. nineteen grapevine rootstocks were subjected cluster analysis and divided to seven class groups, in which 140R was self-contained and SS and starch content was equal, as well as, FAA content was highest but N and P were lower; the class group consisting of 101-14, 420A, and kangzhen No 1 had higher SS, SP, and N content; 34EM, 225Ru, 5BB and 1103P had higher absorption efficiency of K, Mg and P. Conclusion SS was the main component of storage nutrient in grape branch, and K content was highest in mineral nutrient. The storage and mineral nutrient had significant difference among rootstocks, and different features showed from rootstock maybe provide basis for rootstock usage.

Key words: grapevine rootstocks, storage nutrient, mineral nutrient, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S663

张艺灿, 刘凤之, 王海波. 不同葡萄砧木贮藏营养及矿质营养比较[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2022, 4(3): 77-83.

Yican Zhang, Fengzhi Liu, Haibo Wang. Comparison of Different Grapevine Rootstocks on Storage and Mineral Nutrition[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2022, 4(3): 77-83.

图/表 4

表1

试验所用砧木品种、亲本及特点[13-26]"

亲本	砧木品种	特点
冬葡萄×河岸葡萄（V. berlandier×V. riparia）	5C	半矮化砧木，具有深根性，对土壤适应性广，早熟、丰产，品质、着色极好，抗寒性强
	5BB	根系极浅，易繁殖，幼树易徒长，品质、着色极好，抗寒性强、高抗线虫
	420A	半矮化砧木，生长势弱，早熟，品质、着色极好，小脚现象轻，抗旱，耐盐碱性强，耐寒性极强
	SO4	半矮化砧木，具有半深根性，土壤适应性广，生长快，早熟，丰产、品质优良，抗旱性强，抗根瘤蚜、抗线虫、抗寒
河岸葡萄×沙地葡萄（V. riparia× V. rupestris）	3309C	枝条不旺长，小脚现象较轻，晚熟、丰产，品质、着色良好，抗旱性强
	101-14	具有矮生性，生长势较弱，根系浅，小脚程度轻，早熟，品质、着色好，高抗线虫
冬葡萄×沙地葡萄（V. berlandier×V. rupestris）	225Ru	抗旱性强，耐盐性强、耐涝性强，抗根瘤蚜，抗线虫
	1103P	生长旺盛，生根和嫁接状况良好，产枝量中等，极抗旱，耐盐性强、高抗线虫，耐涝性强
	110R	生长旺盛，不易生根，在贫瘠土壤上果实品质优良，可延迟果实成熟，抗旱，抗根瘤蚜，抗石灰性土壤
	140R	生长势强，抗根瘤蚜，抗线虫，极抗旱，耐盐、耐寒
河岸葡萄×SO4 （V. riparia×V. berlandieri）	抗砧1号	生长势强，隐芽萌发力强，提早进入丰产期，高耐盐碱性，高抗根结线虫
	抗砧3号	根系发达，生长势旺盛，丰产稳产，耐盐碱，高抗葡萄根瘤蚜和根结线虫，
美洲葡萄×河岸葡萄（V. Labrusca×V. riparia）	贝达	生长势极强，小脚现象，适应性强，抗病性强，抗寒性强
贝达×420A （V. berlandieri-V. riparia ×V. labrusca cv.）	抗砧5号	生长势强，易生根，丰产稳产，适应性广，极耐盐碱，高抗根瘤蚜和根结线虫，抗病性极强
	抗砧6号	易感染根瘤蚜，抗白粉病
野生葡萄	沙地	乔化性砧木，树体强健，丰产，晚熟，抗旱性强
沙地葡萄（V. rupestris）	Lot	乔化砧，根系深，生长势极强，晚熟，品质差，着色差，抗根结线虫，抗根瘤蚜，抗真菌病害
左山一×白马拉加（V. amurensis×V. vinifera）	426	生长势强，早果性好，极丰产，抗寒性强，抗旱性及抗高温能力强，抗霜霉病
-----	34EM	抗寒性强，耐涝性强

表1

表2

表3

图1

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砧木品种	可溶性糖（mg/g）	淀粉（mg/g）	游离氨基酸（mg/g）	可溶性蛋白（mg/g）
5C	62.61±6.01	24.35±0.81	3.24±0.63	5.36±0.66
3309C	72.57±7.10	31.24±1.86	1.43±0.06	6.80±0.57
34EM	53.12±1.73	33.46±0.96	0.88±0.13	6.57±0.21
抗砧1号	86.53±2.41	29.60±1.87	3.01±0.24	6.94±0.39
225Ru	59.08±6.21	23.43±1.33	1.68±0.06	6.65±0.43
5BB	46.04±2.02	11.27±1.10	0.75±0.00	5.66±0.58
1103P	62.31±3.69	25.23±2.67	2.39±0.30	5.93±0.23
101-14	93.15±9.93	34.81±1.52	2.34±0.36	6.52±0.96
110R	52.82±3.74	28.09±1.57	2.36±0.22	5.52±0.26
Lot	55.25±5.54	33.72±1.65	1.22±0.09	5.31±0.27
抗砧3号	59.90±2.69	27.32±0.70	1.18±0.14	4.95±0.22
420A	77.42±6.69	25.09±2.01	1.95±0.10	6.41±0.61
SO4	71.32±7.47	42.84±3.91	1.39±0.13	5.26±0.20
沙地	63.06±1.94	34.06±3.45	2.26±0.26	6.15±0.51
抗砧5号	55.79±2.92	56.49±3.01	3.36±0.16	5.85±0.14
贝达	56.35±4.07	39.37±2.37	3.71±0.31	5.41±0.12
426	51.70±2.76	53.15±3.61	3.49±0.44	5.32±0.39
140R	44.72±4.85	41.98±3.56	6.01±0.84	6.30±0.27
抗砧6号	68.53±2.51	46.32±1.05	3.18±0.17	6.37±0.15

砧木品种	钾（mg/g）	镁（mg/g）	磷（mg/g）	氮（mg/g）
5C	6.00±0.15	1.34±0.16	4.67±0.08	3.12±0.05
3309C	3.92±0.17	1.13±0.15	3.96±0.43	2.64±0.29
34EM	5.55±0.60	2.04±0.19	4.14±0.38	2.76±0.25
抗砧1号	7.21±0.18	2.20±0.16	4.28±0.04	2.85±0.03
225Ru	8.00±0.27	2.13±0.02	4.45±0.47	2.97±0.31
5BB	7.66±0.01	1.60±0.16	3.70±0.21	2.46±0.14
1103P	6.31±0.12	1.91±0.19	4.20±0.70	2.80±0.47
101-14	5.40±0.02	1.95±0.18	4.65±0.32	3.10±0.21
110R	5.97±0.42	1.31±0.28	4.30±0.01	2.87±0.01
Lot	5.76±0.19	1.24±0.02	3.92±0.44	2.61±0.29
抗砧3号	5.87±0.24	1.21±0.14	4.22±0.25	2.81±0.16
420A	4.34±0.23	1.61±0.05	5.29±0.26	3.52±0.17
SO4	4.76±0.15	1.07±0.04	4.53±0.39	3.02±0.26
沙地	4.65±0.04	1.10±0.08	4.19±0.28	2.79±0.18
抗砧5号	4.55±0.25	1.50±0.09	4.01±0.06	2.67±0.04
贝达	3.79±0.26	1.26±0.19	4.19±0.15	2.79±0.10
426	4.64±0.26	1.22±0.13	4.20±0.35	2.80±0.23
140R	5.76±0.02	1.47±0.09	2.90±0.16	1.94±0.11
抗砧6号	3.76±0.12	1.06±0.01	3.50±0.13	2.34±0.09