Journal of Agricultural Big Data ›› 2020, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2): 94-103.doi: 10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200210
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Received:
2020-05-31
Online:
2020-06-30
Published:
2020-07-30
Contact:
Lei Shi
E-mail:jianglinli1016@163.com;qdshilei@126.com
CLC Number:
Linli Jiang, Lei Shi. From Liangping Pomelos to Meizhou Pomelos: Using Blockchain Technology to Trace the Origins of Agricultural Products[J].Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2020, 2(2): 94-103.
Table 1
Traditional traceability limitations and blockchain technology overcome"
要求 | 传统溯源 | 区块链溯源 |
---|---|---|
安全 | 传统溯源体系采用“中心化”存储模式,中心系统易受攻击导致数据丢失[ | 区块链技术应用“去中心化”储存模式。“一环节一账本”,数据先单独储存在独立的账本中,再汇汇总到总系统中。即使在某个环节数据丢失或被攻击,也不会对其他环节造成影响[ |
隐私 | 采用链式存储方式,追溯链上各参与方均可看到登记上链的信息,易造成隐私信息或加密信息的泄露 | 区块链部署加密私钥,基于密码学原理进行数据保护,确保数据隐私和匿名性[ |
不可篡改 | 传统追溯体系采用中心化的系统,数据容易在中间环节被篡改,使得防伪追溯形同虚设。 | 数据自动上链,不经人工录入,避免源头造假。数据上链后,只有配合使用私钥和公钥,才能查看源数据并进行修改 |
透明真实 | 通过溯源只能看到系统所呈现出来的数据,对于数据如何录入、是否经过修改均不明确 | 所有数据记录和修改操作都会被自动记录,区块链中的共识为提高真实性和透明度铺平了道路 |
数据共享 | 可追溯信息覆盖面较小,不全面,一旦出现纠纷,往往难以确定责任主体,追溯体系形同虚设 | 全产业链多种数据全程对接,形成信息追溯闭环,降低供应链信息不对称,实现真正的“有源可溯” |
减少第三方参与 | 传统溯源方式通常借助第三方科技公司搭建的追溯平台,数据登记、处理、管理由第三方负责。中间交易费用高,依赖性大 | 区块链技术的特性,如分散的数据库、加密签名保护和减少对中间人的需求有助于交易成本的降低。与传统交易方式相比降低管理费用[ |
Table 2
Other application cases of blockchain technology in agricultural product traceability"
应用案例 | 案例描述 |
---|---|
众安科技+步步鸡 | 通过区块链、物联网和防伪技术的结合,消费者可以实时察看鸡的地理位置和计步信息,在整个生产链上,从鸡苗的供应源、养殖基地,到屠宰加工厂、检疫部门、物流企业等环节不再存在信息壁垒,所有信息都通过区块链进行流转,并通过共识算法保证信息的不可篡改。 |
蚂蚁金服+拜耳 | 将种植生产过程数据化,建设农业区块链和价值链新生态,致力于提供可溯源的、数字化技术赋能的农产品监测与服务体系。提升农民种植水平,促进农民增产增收,为消费者提供优质安全的农产品,助力整个农业产业链升级。 |
中证科技+中绿农集团 | 将集团旗下各个渠道的农作物从种植到收获、储存到出售的全生命周期数据上链,实现农作物供应链的可追溯性、农业资源的精准管理以及农作物质量的监控,推动区块链技术在农业领域的科技创新和创新成果的产业化。 |
中南建设+北大荒 | 基于全球领先的农业物联网、农业大数据及区块链技术,依托北大荒大规模集约化土地资源及高度的组织化管理模式,创新性地提出“平台+基地+农户”的标准化管理模式,建立从原产地到餐桌的封闭自治农业组织。 |
华为“智慧农场” | 推出"农业沃土云平台"将分散的数据进行统一管理,灵活调度,实现资源共享、按需服务。打通了从种子、农业生产、农业投入品、稻米加工、流通、食味等多环节,构建起从种子到餐桌的端到端的农产品溯源体系。 |
沃尔玛+IBM+清华大学 | 项目开展后,沃尔玛超市的每一件商品,都在区块链系统上完成了认证,都有一份透明且安全的商品记录。在分布式账本中记录的信息也能更好地帮助零售商管理不同店铺商品的上架日期。 |
IBM+都乐 | 世界上最大的水果和蔬菜巨头美国都乐食品公司于2017年加入IBM的Food Trust项目, 预计到2025年,将“在所有部门实施区块链产品标签技术和/或先进的可溯源解决方案”。目前都乐食品公司已经在区块链上对部分产品进行了溯源,这方便人们快速查看水果或蔬菜的来源地,将食品安全调查所需的平均时间从几周缩短至几秒钟。通过区块链记录的产品可以立即通过供应链被追踪,以及食品运输到达客户收益中的整个过程。 |
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