花生大数据平台建设研究和展望

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国花生产量、消费量、进出口贸易量和加工业规模均居世界之首，在国际上处于举足轻重的地位，但因大而不强、多而不优等诸多产业痛点，面临国际竞争力不强的困境。开展单品种农产品全产业链大数据平台建设，是优化单品种产业链布局、推进农业供给侧结构性改革的重要举措，国家苹果大数据公共平台等单品种农产品大数据应用的落地已在我国发展农业优势产业中起到了重要作用。花生是我国重要的优势特色农产品，但还未有全产业链花生大数据平台面向社会公众开放，本文对花生大数据平台建设进行了研究及展望，以期为大数据助力花生产业发展提供思路。本文首先总结了我国单品种大数据平台建设的实践经验，分析了花生产业发展面临的主要问题；然后梳理了平台建设需要整合的数据资源及其来源，阐述了平台建设思路；最后设计了花生大数据平台的总体架构，提出了平台开展的业务应用。研究表明，建设花生全产业链大数据平台，汇聚及共享交换花生产业数据资源、掌握花生产业情况，依托平台向花生产业各环节、各主体提供精准服务，将花生产业规模化企业纳入质量安全追溯体系，辅助国家制定花生产业发展战略，对于提高花生品质、优化花生种植及加工结构布局、促进产销对接、保障花生产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 花生, 数据平台, 产业链, 总体架构, 发展模式, 农业大数据, 大数据

Abstract:

China's peanut industry includes activities such as production, processing, import and export for consumption of China’s peanuts around the world ranking first, which is in a pivotal position in the international community. However, China's peanut industry exhibits weak international competitiveness. Better industry data are seen as part of the solution. Having effective data about single agricultural products along each whole industry chain is viewed as an important solution for advancing agricultural supply-side structural reform, and could improve the efficiency of the single agricultural product industry chain. For example, the application of single agricultural product big data such as the “zdscxx-pg” -China Apple Big Data Platform plays an important role in the development of China's agricultural superiority industry . Although peanuts are an important agricultural product of China, there is no peanut big data platform of the whole industrial chain open to the public. This paper focuses on how to build a peanut big data platform, which could help the peanut industry improve efficiency and sustainability assisted by big data. In this paper, we first summarize the actual experience of setting up a data platform for a single product, and analyze the key issues. We identify the different types and sources of relevant data, and outline the platform scheme. Finally, we build the overall structure for a peanut big data platform, and propose practical applications of the platform data. Our research shows the value of a peanut big data platform that covers the whole industry chain, gathers and shares data resources of the peanut industry, grasps the situation of peanut industry, relies on the platform to provide accurate services to all links and entities in the peanut industry, integrates large-scale peanut industry companies into quality and safety traceability and its importance for the sustainable development of China’s peanut industry. It can assist the government in formulating a development strategy for the peanut industry. It can gather data along the whole industry chain and share real-time data with industry participants. A peanut big data platform can reveal peanut industry conditions that are helpful to improve peanut quality, such as optimizing peanut planting layout and promoting producer-seller connections.

Key words: peanut, data platform, industry chain, the general structure, the development mode, agricultural big data, big data

中图分类号:

张辉, 冯晓, 王来刚, 李国强, 乔璐, 魏东, 郑国清. 花生大数据平台建设研究和展望[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2020, 2(1): 45-52.

Hui Feng Xiao Wang Laigang Li Guoqiang Qiao Lu Wei Dong Zheng Guoqing Zhang. Establishing a Peanut Big Data Platformin China: A Proposal and Applications[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2020, 2(1): 45-52.

图/表 3

图1

表1

花生大数据分类及来源"

类别	子类	数据内容	数据来源
花生生长及资源环境数据	种植资源数据	种植面积、种植分布、长势、产量	国家统计局、遥感监测、专业机构调查
	气象数据	气温、气压、相对湿度、光照强度、光合有效辐射、风速、降水量等	气象局、地面物联网、遥感监测
	土壤信息数据	土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤PH值、电导率等	遥感监测、地面物联网、专业机构调查
	生长、生理生化及品质数据	生长指标、生理生化指标、品质指标	科研机构、农产品检测机构、地面物联网、遥感监测
	灾害数据	病虫害、干旱、洪涝、低温冷冻等	植保部门、遥感监测、地面物联网、气象局、专业机构调查
	品种数据	品种审定信息、品种登记信息、种子生产经营备案、品种推广面积等	农业管理部门、相关网站
专家知识数据	专家信息	专家姓名、所在单位、研究领域等信息	科研机构、农技部门等
	视频教程	花生领域农技科教视频	科研机构、农技部门等
	农技知识数据	花生各产业链技术知识、技术规范等	科研机构、农技部门等
	专家问答信息	平台开展专家服务时积累业务过程数据	平台业务产生
流通消费数据	流通数据	花生及加工制品、投入品等供需信息	相关企业、批发市场、电商平台
流通消费数据	消费数据	消费结构、消费水平、消费地域性差异、消费趋势等数据	国家统计局、海关总署、农产品批发市场、电商平台等
数据及分析产品	数据产品	经过清洗融合后可被利用的数据集合	平台自有
数据及分析产品	数据分析产品	各类监测预警报告、专家决策系统等产品	平台自有
其他数据	政策法规、国家标准等	政策法规及花生产业各种国家标准等	行政部门
其他数据	平台用户信息	加入平台的服务提供方、产业链主体的基本信息	平台自有

表1

图2

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