农业生态系统天敌资源的调查与保藏方法

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.220401

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天敌是一类重要的农业种质资源，有必要通过全国范围内的系统性的调查摸清家底，并采用适当的方法保藏。农业农村部基础性长期性科技工作旨在对农业生产中的多种要素开展科学观察与监测、建立农业科学观测工作网络、分析复杂系统中各类要素的相互关系、并总结科学规律。该工作于2017年启动，共设包括天敌等昆虫资源数据中心（以下简称“天敌中心”）在内的10个学科领域中心。5年来，天敌中心已经组织下属百余观测实验点连续开展天敌资源调查工作，收集了大量的数据和标本。文章介绍了天敌中心对天敌资源所采用的主要调查及保藏方法。目前，采用人工调查与马来氏网收集相结合的方式对天敌资源进行了系统长期调查，建立了描述性信息和图像信息“采集-录入-审核-保藏”流程及相应数据库，以及与数据库相匹配的标本库，同时强调了“纳天敌资源于大自然中”的就地保护理念。文章也探讨了依托基础性长期性科技工作开展天敌资源调查所面临的机遇与挑战，强调必须建立“内部加强”与“外部辅助”相结合的发展思路：一方面在体系内部积极寻求政策与项目支持，打牢工作基本盘；另一方面要面向社会大力宣传，广泛开展“公民科学”作为辅助。只有这样才能确保这项工作长期运行、数据覆盖全面、积累稳中有增。

关键词: 物种资源, 基因资源, 马来氏网, 就地保护, 公民科学

Abstract:

Natural enemies are an important kind of agricultural germplasm resources. It is necessary to clarify the basic situations of natural enemies through nationwide systematic surveys, and preserve then using appropriate methods. The basic long-term scientific and technological work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs aims to carry out scientific observation and monitoring of various elements in agricultural production, to establish a network of agricultural scientific observation work, to analyze interrelationships of various elements in complex agricultural systems, and to summarize scientific laws. The work was launched in 2017, with 10 subject area centers established, including the National Data Center of Insect Natural Enemies and Edible Insect Resources (hereinafter referred to as "Natural Enemy Center"). Over the past five years, the Natural Enemy Center has organized more than 100 experimental sites to carry out natural enemy resource surveys continuously, and have collected a large amount of data and specimens. This paper introduces the main survey and conservation methods used in the work of the Natural Enemy Center. At present, natural enemy resources survey mainly adopts a combination of manual survey and Malaise trap insect collection. For collected descriptive and picture information, a "collection-entry-review-conservation" process and a database have been established. A specimen library has been established correspondingly. In addition, the concept of “in situ conservation of natural enemy resources” is strongly recommended. The opportunities and challenges faced by the natural enemy resources survey, relying on the basic and long-term scientific and technological work, were also discussed. The significance of establishing a future direction of combining "internal strengthening" and "external supporting" is emphasized. On the one hand, we should actively seek for policy and project support within the system to build a solid foundation for the work; on the other hand, we should vigorously promote the work to the society and widely carry out "citizen science" as a support. Only in this way, the long-term operation of this work will be ensured. The data will always have a comprehensive coverage, and data accumulation will increase steadily.

Key words: species resources, genetic resources, Malaise trap, in situ conservation, citizen science

中图分类号:

F323

吕佳乐, 王振辉, 徐学农. 农业生态系统天敌资源的调查与保藏方法[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2022, 4(4): 5-15.

Jiale Lv, Zhenhui Wang, Xuenong Xu. Survey and Preservation Methods of Natural Enemy Resources in Agroecosystems[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2022, 4(4): 5-15.

图/表 4

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