宏基因组分析方法探究高精料日粮对奶牛瘤胃产甲烷菌的影响
收稿日期: 2018-07-20
网络出版日期: 2019-04-04
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(Grant No. 31572435)
Metagenomic Insights into Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Ruminal Methanogens in Dairy Cows
Received date: 2018-07-20
Online published: 2019-04-04
目的 本研究旨在探究高精料日粮对瘤胃产甲烷菌区系的影响。 方法 利用宏基因组检测手段结合生物信息学分析方法,测定高精料日粮和对照日粮处理下瘤胃产甲烷菌区系的变化。结果 高精料日粮显著降低奶牛日采食量和产奶量,瘤胃pH以及瘤胃乙酸的含量(P < 0.05);显著提高了瘤胃中丙酸以及氨态氮的含量(P < 0.05)。通过分类学分析,总共鉴定出4纲36属108种产甲烷菌约占瘤胃微生物总量的0.37%~0.47%。其中Methanobacteria为产甲烷菌的主要构成部分,约占产甲烷菌总量的50%~55%,Methanobrevibacter为Methanobacteria的主要组成部分。Thermoplasmata 在所有产甲烷菌中占据第二多的位置,约占产甲烷菌总量的31%。差异分析结果表明：高精料日粮显著降低了产甲烷菌总量、Methanobacteria和Methanopyri的相对含量（P < 0.05）,而对Methanococci 和Methanomicrobia 作用不显著。相关分析结果表明：瘤胃产甲烷菌相对丰度与瘤胃中丙酸含量、氨态氮含量呈负相关关系,与瘤胃乙酸含量呈正相关关系。结论 高精料日粮降低瘤胃产甲烷菌的相对丰度,但过多饲喂高精料日粮会降低瘤胃pH,造成亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（SARA）。利用宏基因组方法更加准确全面的鉴定出瘤胃产甲烷菌的种类和数量,使得对于产甲烷菌有了更加准确的认识,同时对于降低甲烷排放,促进奶牛生产具有重要的意义。
薛夫光, 施辉毕, 孙福昱, 罗清尧, 杨亮, 楚康康, 蒋林树, 熊本海 . 宏基因组分析方法探究高精料日粮对奶牛瘤胃产甲烷菌的影响[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2019 , 1(1) : 45 -55 . DOI: 10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190105
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high-concentrate diets on ruminal methanogens. [Method] Metagenomics and bioinformatic methods were used to investigate the impacts of high-concentrate diets on ruminal methanogens in dairy cows. [Results] Daily dry matter intake and milk production of cows offered high-concentrate diets were significantly lower than those of cows offered control diets (P < 0.05). Acetate concentration and ruminal pH decreased significantly while propionate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were significantly increased in the rumens of cows fed high-concentrate diets, when compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Four classes, 36 genera and 108 species of methanogens were identified in this study and the relative abundance of methanogens was about 0.37%-0.47% of the entire rumen microbiome. Of these, Methanobacteria was the dominant genus, accounting for about 50%-55% of all methanogens, while Thermoplasmata was the second most abundant genus, accounting for about 31%. Feeding high-concentrate diets significantly decreased the relative abundance of all methanogens, Methanobacteria and Methanopyri (P<0.05). However, Methanococci and Methanomicrobia were not affected. Moreover, methanogens were positively correlated with acetate concentration and negatively correlated with propionate and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. [Conclusion] Feeding high-concentrate diets could reduce the relative abundance of methanogens; however, overfeeding of such diets may lead to low ruminal pH and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Metagenomic methods used in this study accurately quantified the species and relative abundance of methanogens. The results presented herein will contribute to methane emission mitigation and improved dairy cattle production efficiency.
Key words： Dairy cows; High-concentrate diets; Methanogens; Metagenome; Bioinformatics
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