科学数据中心是科学数据管理的重要载体，是科学数据汇集、管理、开放共享和长期保存的重要基础设施。一个完善的国家科学数据中心体系将成为科技创新的重要动力源泉。目前，世界主要发达国家普遍将国家科学数据中心建设作为科学数据管理的重要手段，通过成立从事科学数据管理和共享服务的专门机构，将公共财政支持产生的科学数据通过统一渠道和规则进行汇交、管理和开放共享，支持在本领域形成世界知名科学数据中心，为本国科技、经济和社会发展等带来显著效益。本文分析了国外发达国家开展科学数据中心建设的先进经验和做法，对我国科学数据中心建设的发展状况、成效以及与发达国家相比存在的问题进行了研究分析，针对我国国家科学数据中心的建设与可持续发展，提出进一步加强科学数据资源向国家科学数据中心的汇聚整合，加强国家科学数据中心的科学数据管理和分析挖掘能力建设，以及加强国家科学数据中心的管理人员和人才队伍建设。同时提出进一步完善国家科学数据中心布局，提升国家科学数据中心影响力，以及加强国家科学数据中心的国内外交流与合作。

A scientific data center is an important vehicle for scientific data management and an important infrastructure for scientific data collection, management, open sharing, and long-term data preservation. A well-run national scientific data center system is an important source of scientific and technological innovation. At present, the major developed countries in the world generally regard the construction of national scientific data centers as an important means of scientific data management. Through the establishment of specialized agencies engaged in scientific data management and sharing services, the scientific data generated by public financial support can be collected, managed, and shared openly through unified channels and rules to support the formation of world-renowned scientific data centers in this field. This activity has brought remarkable benefits to the development of science and technology, economy, and society. This paper analyses the advanced experiences and practices of foreign developed countries in the construction of scientific data centers. It also studies and analyses the development status, effectiveness, and problems with the construction of scientific data centers in China with respect to those in developed countries. In view of the construction and sustainable development of national scientific data centers in China, it is proposed to further strengthen scientific data resource integration in national scientific data centers; build their capacity for scientific data management, analysis, and mining; and strengthen the structure of managers and personnel in these centers. At the same time, it is proposed to further improve the layout of the national scientific data center, to enhance the influence, and to strengthen the domestic and foreign communications and cooperation with the national scientific data center.