地球系统科学是研究地球各圈层间相互作用及变化机制的前沿交叉学科，在全球环境变化和人地关系等长期研究过程中积累了丰富的科学数据资源。为了推动地球系统科学数据资源的流动和共享，实现数据资源增值，国家地球系统科学数据中心从21世纪初开始研究地球系统科学数据共享的机制和方法，经历了地球系统科学数据共享网和国家地球系统科学数据共享服务平台的发展和建设，于2019年通过国家认定成为20家国家科学数据中心之一，实现了我国地球系统科学数据共享从无到有，由国内走向国际的重大跨越。本文追溯了地球系统科学的起源，回顾了国家地球系统科学数据中心的发展历程，从标准规范体系建设、数据资源管理与共享、系统平台建设及关键技术研究、共享服务成效与进展等方面总结了国家地球系统科学数据中心在地球系统科学数据共享领域的研究实践，最后从完善标准规范体系、强化数据资源建设、服务科研数据汇交、优化平台技术保障、强化数据人才培养、提升共享服务成效等方面提出了国家地球系统科学数据中心可持续发展规划建议。

Earth system science is an interdisciplinary research area at the frontier of interaction and change mechanisms between the earth's spheres. The research area has accumulated scientific data resources through long-term research on global environmental change and human-earth relationships. To promote the sharing and flow of earth system science data resources and realize their value-added, the National Earth System Science Data Center reflects on the organization and methods of earth system science data sharing since the beginning of the 21^st century. Building on the successful development and construction of the Earth System Science Data Sharing Network in China and the National Earth System Science Data Sharing Infrastructure in China, the National Earth System Science Data Center has become one of 20 national science data centers recognized by the Chinese government in 2019, evidencing a major leap from its initiation, and from domestic to international. This paper traces the origins of earth system science and reviews the development of the National Earth System Science Data Center in China. The paper then summarizes the research practices of the National Earth System Science Data Center in earth system science data sharing, highlighting data sharing for standard system construction, data resource management and sharing, and system platform construction, as well as research progress on key technologies and sharing services. Finally, suggestions are offered for sustainable development by the National Earth System Science Data Center .