提高农业投入品的管控能力对于保障食品安全和实现“肥药双减”目标具有重要意义。农业投入品管控由于时空跨度大、责任主体多、技术手段缺乏，导致台账录入不规范、施用记录不清楚、信息记录不准确、生命周期不连贯等问题时有发生；而区块链技术具有去中心化、去信任、可集体维护等特点，已应用于数字金融、物联网、智能制造、供应链管理、数字资产交易等多个领域。本文以区块链技术为支撑，以农业投入品的“生产-经营-施用”为生命周期过程，提出了农业投入品智能管控平台总体框架，主要由数据层、网络层、共识层、合约层和应用层组成；考虑到数据的容量及数据安全保密的要求，设计了“数据库+区块链”的数据双模存储机制，通过映射机制实现链上与链下数据关联；设计了用户认证、资质核验、台账分析、施用预警、防伪追溯等智能合约，描述了智能合约的构建过程。结合联盟链的优势，提出了以Hyperledger作为联盟链平台开发农业投入品智能管控平台；根据不同参与主体的需求及使用的便利性，平台采用应用系统与移动APP相结合的方式，主要提供生产管理、经销管理、施用管理、智能监管、区块链管理等模块。该平台既有利于增强农业投入品监管能力，又能提升追溯可信度，为农业投入品的合规生产、合法经营、合理施用提供了有力的技术支撑。

It is very important to improve the control of agricultural inputs to ensure food safety and achieve the goals of reducing fertilizer and drug use. Because of the wide variation in time and space in the supply chain, various regulatory bodies, and limited technical means, some problems occur frequently in the management and control of agricultural inputs. Such problems include irregular accounts, unclear application records, inaccurate information records, and incoherent life cycles. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, de-trust, and collective maintenance. It has been applied in many fields such as digital finance, the Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management, and digital asset trading. Using blockchain technology and the "production–management–application" life cycle of agricultural inputs, this paper proposes a framework for an intelligent management and control platform for agricultural inputs. The framework is composed of data, network, consensus, contract, and application layers. Considering the amount of data that would be handled and the need for security and confidentiality, a dual-mode data storage mechanism consisting of "database and blockchain" was designed. On-chain and off-chain data are associated using a mapping mechanism. Intelligent contracts such as user authentication, qualification verification, account analysis, application warning, and anti-counterfeiting traceability contracts are presented, and their construction is described. Incorporating the advantages of an alliance chain, Hyperledger was used to build the platform. To meet the needs of different participants and be convenient to use, the platform is a combined application system and mobile application, which provides production management, distribution management, application management, intelligent supervision, blockchain management, and other modules. The platform not only enhances the supervision of agricultural inputs, but also improves traceability. Therefore, it provides strong technical support for the regulatory compliance, legal management, and rational use of agricultural inputs.