信息技术能够促进涉农部门更好发挥职能作用，运用信息化技术手段促进“三农”发展，加速农业农村数字化转型升级，激发数据作为新型生产要素的价值作用，推动数据红利惠及更多农民及农业从业者，做好数据信息资源建设工作是关键。根据美国政府数据开放法案及循证决策法案等有关信息数据公开法律要求，作为美国开展涉农数据信息资源建设工作的主要政府部门，美国农业部成立数据治理指导委员会和数据治理咨询委员会等专门的数据治理机构来领导和实施其数据治理工作，设首席信息官办公室负责总体信息技术战略和管理。各相关单位主体结合涉农业务开发数据管理信息系统和数据产品，通过在美国政府数据门户设置农业专题、开放数据目录和农业数据汇集共享平台等在线开放涉农数据，提供有针对性的数据服务，并撰写发布基于数据的专业报告，为分析掌握其国内农业整体状况、研判国际农业发展态势起到了重要作用。美国农业部开放数据目录是可公开获得涉农数据的权威来源。美国国家农业统计局每年进行数百次调查，并为涵盖美国农业各个方面的报告提供数据准备。由美国农业部资助、国家农业图书馆运维的公共科研数据目录和存储库Ag Data Commons，能够提供可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用的数据系统及数据产品服务，月度指标图表监测显示数据量和数据类型以及数据使用情况。Ag Data Commons中列出的数据带有开放许可证，并且对访问和使用的限制非常小，用户无需注册帐户或登录即可查看和访问数据。通过经济、统计和市场信息系统可获取由国家农业统计局、经济研究服务局、农业市场服务局、外国农业服务局和世界农业展望委员会等多个机构提供，涵盖美国和国际农业及相关主题的2100多种报告。全面、准确、有效的数据能够为科学决策提供有力支撑，美国开放共享的涉农数据信息资源在日益积累，关注、跟踪美国涉农数据信息资源建设进展、深入研究美国涉农部门数据管理机制和所使用的技术工具，对开展涉农数据信息资源建设及管理工作具有积极意义。梳理美国涉农数据在线开放共享情况，以为我国涉农数据信息资源使用者、建设者提供参考。

The use of information technology has many potential benefits for the agriculture sector. It can accelerate the digital transformation and improve the development of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; further the value of data as a new type of production factor; and promote the data dividend to benefit more farmers and agricultural practitioners. The key to ensuring these benefits is the proper construction of data information resources. As required by the Evidence-Based Policymaking Act, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established a Data Governance Steering Committee and a Data Governance Advisory Board to lead and implement data governance initiatives. The Office of the Chief Information Officer is responsible for the overall information technology strategy and management across the USDA, including enterprise data and analytics activities. The American agricultural data can be accessed via data.gov online. The USDA carries out the construction of data information resources, develops data management information systems and data products, and provides data services, which are important in monitoring the domestic agricultural situation and assessing the trend of international agricultural development. The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts hundreds of surveys every year and prepares reports covering virtually every aspect of U.S. agriculture. The USDA Open Data Catalog is the authoritative source of publicly available USDA data. Also available are the XML version and JSON version of the catalog. Through the Ag Data Commons, which is a public, USDA-funded scientific research data catalog and repository, the USDA National Agricultural Library provides services to make data systems and data products findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. All data represented in the Ag Data Commons carries an open license with minimal restrictions on access and use. Users do not need to register for an account or be logged in to view and access data. If the data are stored in the Ag Data Commons as a downloadable file, a download icon appears next to the file description. The Ag Data Commons metrics charts page gives a brief visual introduction to how much and what type of data we represent, as well as to how the data are used. The USDA Economics, Statistics and Market Information System contains over 2,100 publications and related datasets from several agencies of the USDA, including the NASS, the Economic Research Service, the Agricultural Marketing Service, the Foreign Agricultural Service and the World Agricultural Outlook Board. These materials cover U.S. and international agriculture and related topics. Comprehensive, accurate, and effective data can provide strong support for scientific decision-making. The U.S. open and shared agricultural data information resources are accumulating. Understanding the construction of the data management mechanisms and technical tools used by the U.S. agricultural sector is helpful for the construction and management of agricultural data information resources. The case of Open Access Online Agricultural Data can be a reference for developing agricultural data information resources.