在第四范式视角下大数据科学飞速发展的今天，农业科学观测工作网络化发展对于推动区域乃至全球农业系统科学知识的发现和应用的作用正在日益凸显。因此，欧美发达国家乃至全球性国际组织纷纷建设或升级了一大批农业系统观测网络体系，实践证明，以多时间空间尺度、多农业科学观测实验站联合、跨观测专业领域集成为鲜明特征的农业科学观测网络有效建立了“决策—咨询—执行”运行制度体系，供给了一大批高质量的农业科学观测数据及产出，有力支撑了各类研究计划的实施，在服务农业管理科学决策、促进环境可持续发展等领域发挥了积极而富有成效的推动作用。本文阐述了农业科学观测工作网络化发展的历史进程，分析归纳了三类国际农业观测工作网络化发展典型模式、总结了网络化发展突出特征和趋势以及对我国农业科学观测网络化发展的启示。国际农业观测工作网络化近180年的发展历史显示：面对复杂因素驱动的农业系统变化，农业科学观测网络要把握好顶层设计、标准规范和数据开放三大关键举措，适应联网整合、领域融合、尺度拓展以及新技术体系融合的总体发展趋势，发展多学科交叉、国际合作的研究平台，加快我国农业科学观测工作网络化发展进程，拓展国内外合作研究，支撑国家乃至全球尺度观测研究科技需求。

With the rapid proliferation of big data in the context of the fourth paradigm of science, the roles of agricultural observation networks have become increasingly prominent, especially in the discovery and application of scientific knowledge for regional or even global agriculture systems. A multitude of agricultural observation networks have been established or upgraded by developed countries in Europe and the USA or by international organizations. Multi-scale, multi-site, and interdisciplinary integrated agricultural observation networks at national or international scales have established an institutional system of ‘decision-making, consultation, and execution’. The networks have provided a large amount of agricultural observation data and outputs, strongly supported the implementation of diverse research programs, and thus aided decision-making for agricultural management and promoted realization of sustainable development goals. This paper outlines the development process for an agricultural observation network, analyzes three representative modes of international agricultural observation network, and summarizes their prominent features, trends in network development, and provides insight into the development of an agricultural system observation network in China. The 180 years of development of agricultural observation networks indicate that, in the face of agricultural system transformation driven by complex factors, agricultural observation research must strengthen the top-level design, standard specification, and open data portals to enable adaptation to the overall trends for integrated cooperation, coupling of research fields, scale expansion, and development of new technologies. Agricultural observation research also must develop a research platform that is multidisciplinary and internationally collaborative, to accelerate the development of China's agricultural scientific observation network, to expand research cooperation both at home and abroad, and to support the technological requirements of national- and global-scale observation research.