采集杂交F1代性状数据、明确性状在杂交过程中的遗传和变异，是梨杂交育种过程中科学选配亲本的重要依据。本研究采集了‘八月红’ב红香酥’、‘苹果梨’ב八月红’2个杂交组合407株F1单株的果实，通过观测，获得了14个性状的数据，其中单果重、纵径、横径、可溶性固形物含量和果肉硬度5个性状的数据通过仪器测量获得，果形、果皮底色、梗洼深度、梗洼宽度、萼洼深度、萼洼宽度、果心大小、果肉类型、风味9个性状的数据通过整体观测、分级、赋值后获得。经统计分析后，明确了5个测量性状的数值范围、9个观测性状各分级所占比率。该数据集能够反映梨杂交过程中不同果实性状的遗传和变异情况，以及不同性状间的相关性，可以为提高梨育种效率提供理论支撑。

Collecting characteristic data of F1 hybrid generation and determining the inheritance and variation of the characteristics in the process of hybridization is important to scientific selection of parents in pear breeding. This study collected fruit from 407 F1 plants of two hybrid combinations ‘Bayuehong’ × ‘Hongxiangsu’ and ‘Pingguoli’ × ‘Bayuehong’. Data of 14 characteristics was obtained through measurement and observation. Five characteristics as fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, soluble solid content and flesh firmness were obtained by measurement. Nine characteristics as fruit shape, ground color of skin, depth of stalk cavity, width of stalk cavity, depth of eye basin, width of eye basin, size of fruit heart, type of flesh and flavor were obtained by observation, grading and assignment. After statistical analysis, the numerical range of five measured characteristics and the proportion of each grade of nine observed characteristics were determined. The data set can reflect the inheritance and variation of fruit characteristics during pear hybridization and the correlationship between different characteristics, which can provide theoretical support to improve the efficiency of pear breeding.