通过对梨种质资源果实生长发育动态观测，探讨果实生长发育规律，为提高其果实品质和产量提供参考依据，对指导果农在果实不同生长发育时期采取相应肥水管理措施、提高果实商品率和品质具有重要意义。对国家梨苹果种质资源圃（兴城）9个种20份梨种质资源果实生长发育开展动态观测，10个性状包括果实横径、果实纵径、单果重，并计算果实发育期、营养生长天数；在果实成熟期调查果实形状、萼片状态、果实底色、果实心室数，并测量果梗长度；对秋子梨栽培品种‘南果梨’和野生资源‘东宁山梨1’果实成熟期前25天起每隔7天对可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量变化进行动态测定，明确秋子梨栽培品种和野生资源之间糖和淀粉的积累规律及存在的差异，以丰富中国梨种质资源植物学特征和果实发育规律等数据，为完善我国梨种质资源数据库奠定基础。

Through the dynamic observation of fruit growth and development of pear germplasm resources, the regularity of fruit growth and development is discussed to provide reference for improving fruit quality and yield. It is of great significance to guide fruit farmers to take corresponding fertilizer and water management measures at different fruit growth and development stages, and to improve fruit commodity rate and quality. Ten characters (fruit diameter, fruit length, weight per fruit, days of fruit development, days of vegetative growth, fruit shape, persistency of calyx, ground color, number of loculi and stalk length) of 20 pear accessions from nine species were carried out dynamically in National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear. Soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose and starch content of Ussurian local cultivar Nanguoli and wild P. ussuriensis Dongning Shanli 1 were dynamically analysed at an interval of seven days from 25 days before maturity. We clarified the accumulation rules and differences of sugar and starch between local cultivars and wild accessions of the P. ussuriensis, and enriched the botanical characteristics of Pear Germplasm Resources and the pattern of fruit development, and laid a foundation for enriching the database of Pear Germplasm Resources in China.