果树农家品种又称地方品种，通常能良好地适应其所在地区的气候和生产条件，拥有丰富的基因型和遗传多样性，为果树品种改良提供重要基因来源。倍性与果树杂交亲和性关系密切，对果树倍性进行分析可为杂交育种亲本的选择及杂交组合的选配提供理论依据。文章数据集对2012—2017年在我国河南、湖北、湖南、西藏自治区、北京市、天津、河北、内蒙古自治区、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、江苏、广东、广西壮族自治区、重庆、贵州、云南、四川、山东、上海、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏回族自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区等地的落叶果树重点分布地区和优势产区采集的落叶果树农家品种资源，包括石榴、猕猴桃、枣、葡萄和柿5个树种，分别对其进行检测、调查和倍性分析，形成数据集。数据以树种为单元，其中石榴232个，猕猴桃110个，枣61个，柿子62个以及葡萄57个，数据包含5个数据表，522条记录。包括检测日期、检测仪器、试剂盒、结果判定方法、序号、样本名称、采集地和图形数据等，该数据集揭示了农家品种的染色体倍性及其属间杂交的遗传规律，可为进一步研究农家品种的细胞遗传学提供理论依据，并且为全国性的果树农家品种倍性鉴定评价和育种事业发展奠定了坚实的基础。

Domestic varieties of fruit trees, also known as local varieties, are usually well adapted to the climate and production conditions of their local areas, and have rich genotypes and genetic diversity, which provide important gene sources for the improvement of fruit trees. There is a close relationship between ploidy and crossbreeding compatibility of fruit trees. The analysis of ploidy of fruit trees can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of cross- breeding parents and crossbreeding combinations. This dataset covers the population of Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Ti- bet Autonomous Region, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shandong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia Hui from 2012 to 2017 Agricultural variety resources of deciduous fruit trees collected from key distribution areas and dominant producing areas of deciduous fruit trees in autonomous region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and other places, including pomegranate, kiwi, jujube, grape and persimmon tree species, were detected, investigated and ploidy analysis were carried out to form data sets. The data included 232 pomegranates, 110 kiwifruit, 61 jujube, 62 persimmon and 57 grape species. The data included 5 data tables and 522 records. It includes test date, test instrument, test kit, result determination method, serial number, sample name, collection site, graph data, etc. The data set reveals the chromosome ploidy of farm varieties and the genetic rule of intergeneric hybridization, which can provide theoretical basis for further study of cytogenetics of farm varieties. It also laid a solid foundation for the national fruit tree farmer variety identification and evaluation and breeding career development.