粮食安全是治国理政头等大事。粮食加工企业是保证粮食安全的重要一环，是农业供给侧结构性改革的微观基础，更是实现农业现代化的重要组成部分。课题组走访了全国17个省份不同规模的176家粮食加工企业，收集了2013—2016年企业生产经营的详细数据，并根据科学方法对数据进行了整理加工，得到反映粮食加工企业生产经营状况的财务成本、劳动力成本、日处理能力、日加工能力等数据，共计704条，形成了2013—2016年我国粮食加工企业成本收益数据集。该数据集为粮食生产能力研究提供了可能，可用于开展粮食加工企业成本收益研究，为政府及相关部门决策提供数据支撑。

Food security is a top priority for a country. Grain processing enterprises are an important part of ensuring food security, the micro-foundation of structural reform on the agricultural supply side, and an important component of achieving agricultural modernization. The research group visited 176 grain processing enterprises of different scales in 17 provinces of China, collected detailed data on the production and operation of enterprises from 2013 to 2016, and processed the data using scientific methods to obtain 704 pieces of data reflecting the production and operation status of grain processing enterprises, including financial costs, labor costs, daily processing capacity, and daily processing capacity. All the data formed a cost-benefit dataset for grain processing enterprises in China from 2013 to 2016. The dataset provides the possibility for research on grain processing capacity, assists in conducting research on the cost-benefit of grain processing enterprises, and supports decision-making by the government and relevant departments.