科学数据安全既是科学数据管理理论发展的内在需求，也是科学数据发展的现实需要。在计量领域，随着计量数字化转型发展，计量科学数据安全在数据安全普遍意义的基础上提出了可信的要求。国际计量局（BIPM）制定的发展战略CIPM2030+中提出计量数字化转型要实现“远程+X”，其提供的服务仍然是计量科学数据。因此在“远程+X”计量中，实体世界中计量的权威性转化为数字世界中计量科学数据的可信度。本文提出了从三个途径建立计量科学数据可信度的方法，即分别从数据产生主体的防抵赖和身份可信、数据传输过程的防篡改和可追溯，同时给出相应的实现技术建议，并具体介绍了中国计量科学研究院在实现计量科学数据可信方面的数据安全体系设计。通过这些研究有助于建立计量科学数据的可信体系，为计量科学数据的安全应用和计量数字化转型构建可信基础。

Scientific data security is not only an inherent requirement for the development of scientific data management theory, but also a practical need for the development of scientific data. In the field of metrology, with the development of metrology digital transformation, reliable requirements have been put forward for data security in metrology science based on the universal significance of data security. The development strategy CIPM2030+formulated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) proposes to achieve "remote+X" in the digital transformation of metrology, and its services still focus on metrology scientific data. Therefore, in "remote+X" measurement, the authority of measurement in the physical world is transformed into the credibility of scientific measurement data in the digital world. This article proposes three methods to establish the credibility of metrological data, namely, the anti-repudiation and identity trustworthiness of the data generation subject, the anti-tampering and traceability of the data transmission process, and provides corresponding implementation technical suggestions. It also specifically introduces the data security system design of the National Institute of Metrology in achieving the credibility of metrological data. Through these studies, we will gradually establish a trustworthy system for metrological scientific data, and build a trustworthy foundation for the secure application of metrological scientific data and the digital transformation of metrology.