国家科学数据是新时期新质生产力发展的核心要素。促进科学数据要素化发展，有利于提升我国产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，是推进高水平科技自立自强的内在要求和有力抓手。“十三五”国家重点研发计划67个专项6000多个重点项目实施已有一个完整周期的实践，国家科学数据在体量和价值上具有要素化的必要性和充分性。本文结合新时代国家重点研发计划科学数据实践，从制度机制、专家队伍、经费预算和激励机制等方面，分析国家数据汇交的事前事中事后各环节对数据要素化的影响，并围绕提升我国产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，从科学数据要素强链补链延链提链角度，探索如何通过科技计划政策机制促进数据要素化并提出政策建议。

National scientific data is the core element of the development of new quality productive forces in the new era. Promoting the development of scientific data factors is conducive to improving the resilience and security level of China's industrial chain and supply chain, and is an inherent requirement and a powerful starting point for promoting self-reliance in high-level science and technology. The implementation of more than 6,000 key projects in the "13th Five-Year Plan" National Key Research and Development Plan has experienced a complete cycle of practice, and national scientific data has the necessity and sufficiency of elements in terms of volume and value. Based on the scientific data practice of national key research and development plans in the new era, this paper analyzes the influence of the various links before and after data exchange on data factionalization from the aspects of system mechanism, expert team, budget and incentive mechanism, etc., and focuses on improving the resilience and safety level of China's industrial chain and supply chain, from the perspective of scientific data elements strengthening the chain, reinforcing the chain and extending the chain. Explore how to promote data factionalization through the policy mechanism of science and technology planning and propose policy recommendations.