图书馆由人、信息系统和物理系统（HCPS）组成。研究HCPS的内涵及各组成部分的关系，可为图书馆的发展指明方向。通过对早期图书馆、现代图书馆和智慧图书馆的特征分析，将HCPS理论引入图书馆中，并基于HCPS视角探讨了图书馆的演变过程，分析了不同阶段图书馆HCPS的特点与作用，提出了智慧图书馆HCPS的研究框架和重点研究内容，剖析了推动图书馆发展的赋能技术，进行了智慧图书馆HCPS的实践应用与讨论。信息系统的引入及发展助力了图书馆的演变，建立智慧图书馆HCPS的重点是开展信息系统模型的建立与仿真方法研究。初次探索HCPS在图书馆中的应用，提出的概念和研究框架仍处于探索阶段，后续需要广泛地跨学科合作与交流，不断充实和细化图书馆HCPS的研究内容、方法和技术。

The library HCPS consists of human, cyber system and physical system. To study the connotation of HCPS and the relationship between each component is helpful to find out the direction for the development of library. Through the analysis of the characteristics of early libraries, modern libraries and smart libraries, the HCPS theory is introduced into libraries, the evolution process of libraries is discussed based on the HCPS perspective, the characteristics and functions of HCPS in different stages of libraries are analyzed, the research framework and key research contents of HCPS in smart libraries are proposed, the enabling technologies that promote the development of libraries are analyzed, and the practical application and discussion of HCPS in smart libraries are carried out. The introduction and development of cyber systems have helped the development of libraries, and the key to establish HCPS in smart libraries is to carry out the research on the establishment and simulation methods of cyber system models. The application of HCPS in library is explored for the first time, and the concept and research framework proposed are still in the exploratory stage. Extensive interdisciplinary cooperation and exchanges are needed to enrich and refine the research content, methods and techniques of HCPS in library.