榴莲具有较高的经济价值和营养价值。我国榴莲高度依赖进口，海南省榴莲产业处于刚刚起步阶段，存在面积少、产量低、品种完全依赖引种而缺乏自主性、配套栽培技术欠缺等诸多问题，导致市场需求大而产业薄弱的矛盾突出，迫切需要进行榴莲种质资源收集、鉴定与评价。该研究对99份榴莲种质资源提取DNA，构建文库并开展了二代全基因组测序，对测序数据开展了质控、变异位点挖掘注释和群体进化等生信分析。测序数据量共计1.62 Tb，共挖掘到54 974 697个变异位点，包括SNP、INS和DEL三种变异类型，以SNP为主，榴莲基因组中平均每13个碱基有1个变异位点，变异位点主要位于基因间，位于基因外显子和内含子的较少。99份榴莲资源可以分成3个亚群，LD系数降低到最大值的一半的衰减距离只有0.1－0.2 kb，表现出丰富的遗传多样性。99份榴莲种质资源的基因组测序数据和变异位点信息，为榴莲遗传学以及育种方法和育种理论研究提供了基础数据支撑，有助于海南乃至世界榴莲品种选育。

数据摘要：

Durian has high economic and nutritional value. In China, the durian industry is highly dependent on imports. The durian industry in Hainan Province is in its infancy, characterized by limited acreage, low yield, complete reliance on introduced varieties, lack of self-sufficiency, and insufficient supporting cultivation techniques. These issues lead to a stark contrast between high market demand and a weak industry. There is an urgent need for the collection, identification, and evaluation of durian germplasm resources. In this study, DNA was extracted from 99 durian germplasm resources. Libraries were constructed, and second-generation whole-genome sequencing was performed. Bioinformatic analyses, including quality control of sequencing data, variant site discovery and annotation, and population evolution studies, were conducted on the sequencing data. The total amount of sequencing data was 1.62 Tb, yielding 54,974,697 variant sites, including SNPs, insertions (INS), and deletions (DEL), with SNPs being the most prevalent. On average, there is one variant site per 13 bases in the durian genome. These variant sites are mainly located in intergenic regions, with fewer in gene exons and introns. The 99 durian resources can be divided into three subgroups. The distance at which the LD coefficient decays to half its maximum value is only 0.1-0.2 kb, indicating rich genetic diversity. This study provides genome sequencing data and variant site information for 99 durian germplasm resources, offering fundamental data support for durian genetics, breeding methods, and breeding theory research. This will aid in the selection and breeding of durian varieties in Hainan and worldwide.

Data summary: