区块链与机密计算技术在材料数据库平台中的应用分析

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.000026

农业大数据学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (2): 241-252.doi: 10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.000026

• “面向高质量共享的科学数据安全”专刊（上） • 上一篇下一篇

区块链与机密计算技术在材料数据库平台中的应用分析

龚海燕¹^,²(), 麻付强³^,⁴, 张达威¹^,²^,^*(), 李晓刚¹^,²

1.北京科技大学，国家材料腐蚀与防护科学数据中心，北京 100083
2.北京科技大学，顺德创新学院，广东佛山 528399
3.浪潮（北京）电子信息产业有限公司，北京 100085
4.浪潮集团有限公司，济南 250101

收稿日期:2024-01-31 接受日期:2024-04-16 出版日期:2024-06-26 发布日期:2024-07-03
通讯作者: 张达威，E-mail: dzhang@ustb.edu.cn。
作者简介:龚海燕，E-mail: ghaiyan@ustb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2023YFB3812901);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20230239);中国博士后科学基金(2023M740219)

Application Analysis of Blockchain and Confidential Computing Technology in Material Database Platform

GONG HaiYan¹^,²(), MA FuQiang³^,⁴, ZHANG DaWei¹^,²^,^*(), LI XiaoGang¹^,²

1. National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2. Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, Guangdong, China
3. Inspur (Beijing) Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
4. Inspur Group Co. Ltd., Jinan 250101, China

Received:2024-01-31 Accepted:2024-04-16 Published:2024-06-26 Online:2024-07-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人工智能和材料科学数据驱动的材料设计热潮的兴起，材料科学数据成为生产要素、国家战略资源和国际竞争的焦点。然而，随着材料数据共享的增加，数据安全问题变得不可忽视。数据泄露、滥用、篡改等问题威胁着企业竞争力。本文综述了目前主流的数据安全保护技术，包括访问控制、加密技术，构成了传统的数据安全防护模型，实现数据传输、存储时的安全。区块链技术可以实现数据传输、存储时的机密性、完整性、可用性，但是这些机制仍无法解决数据使用时的隐私问题，无法保护使用中的数据机密性、完整性等问题。利用机密计算技术的优势，在硬件可信执行环境中执行计算，最小化计算环境的可信基，提供全方位的数据保护，践行“数据可用不可见”理念，实现对使用中的数据保护，进而构建端到端的全生命周期数据安全。本文结合区块链和机密计算技术的优势，提出基于区块链和机密计算的材料数据可信基础设施方案，以实现数据的全生命周期安全，为材料数据的安全应用提供有力支持。

关键词: 机密计算, 区块链, 材料数据, 数据安全, 数据共享

Abstract:

With the rise of data-driven material design driven by artificial intelligence and materials science, material science data has become a focal point of production factors, national strategic resources, and international competition. However, as material data sharing increases, data security issues become increasingly important. Issues such as data leakage, misuse, and tampering threaten the competitiveness of enterprises. We first review mainstream data security protection technologies, including access control and encryption technologies, which constitute the traditional data security protection model, ensuring security during data transmission and storage. Next, the development of blockchain technology is introduced. Blockchain technology can achieve confidentiality, integrity, and availability during data transmission and storage, but these mechanisms still cannot address privacy issues during data usage, nor can they protect the confidentiality and integrity of data during usage. Then, the advantages of confidential computing technology are analyzed. By executing calculations in a hardware-based trusted execution environment, confidential computing technology minimizes the trusted computing base, providing comprehensive data protection and adhering to the concept of "data usability without visibility" to protect data during usage, thereby constructing end-to-end lifecycle data security. Finally, we combine the advantages of blockchain and confidential computing technology to propose a trustworthy infrastructure solution for material data based on blockchain and confidential computing, to achieve security throughout the data lifecycle and provide strong support for the secure application of material data.

Key words: confidential calculations, blockchain, material data, data security, data sharing

龚海燕, 麻付强, 张达威, 李晓刚. 区块链与机密计算技术在材料数据库平台中的应用分析[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2024, 6(2): 241-252.

GONG HaiYan, MA FuQiang, ZHANG DaWei, LI XiaoGang. Application Analysis of Blockchain and Confidential Computing Technology in Material Database Platform[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2024, 6(2): 241-252.

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区块链与机密计算技术在材料数据库平台中的应用分析

Application Analysis of Blockchain and Confidential Computing Technology in Material Database Platform

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