农业病虫害信息检索数据集

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.100053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着自然语言处理和信息检索技术的快速发展，知识的有效提取与应用在农业领域的重要性日益凸显。信息检索的核心在于根据用户的查询需求，从知识库中快速、精准地定位相关信息。然而，由于中国农业领域缺乏高质量的文本数据集，限制了农业病虫害信息检索技术的进一步发展。此外，传统搜索引擎在农业领域的信息检索中表现出效率低下和准确性不足的问题，用户往往需要耗费大量时间和精力对海量、无序的数据信息进行二次筛选和整理，以获取有价值的农业知识。针对上述问题，本文通过整理实验室多年积累的关于动物、植物、病害以及入侵生物的文本数据，并结合广泛的文献调研数据，经过自动化或半自动化数据清洗、去噪等过程，将非结构化的数据重新组合成结构化的数据，最终以excel的方式进行存储。所构建的农业信息检索数据集包含国内农业病虫害、外来入侵物种、检疫性物种三大类。其中农业病虫害包含83种农作物相关的1254种病害和440种虫害；外来入侵物种包含70种外来入侵动物和130种外来入侵植物；检疫性物种包含99种昆虫、9种软体动物、19种真菌、25种原核生物、18种线虫、37种病毒及类病毒以及42种杂草。共计2143种病虫害。该数据集覆盖品类较为广泛，能够为农业信息检索、防疫检疫、农业领域数据库构建等人机交互友好的智能应用研发提供基础数据支撑，同时为从事有害生物相关工作的科研机构和职能部门提供外来相关数据查询。

数据摘要：

项目	描述
数据库（集）名称	农业病虫害信息检索数据集
所属学科	计算机科学与技术（520）；农学其他学科（210.99）
研究主题	农业信息检索；数据挖掘；人工智能
数据时间范围	2012年－2024年
数据地理空间覆盖	中国
数据类型与技术格式	.xlsx
数据库（集）构成	由3个excel格式的文件构成，分别包含国内农业病虫害、外来入侵物种、检疫性物种三大类。其中农业病虫害包含83种农作物相关的1 254种病害和440种虫害；外来入侵物种包含70种外来入侵动物和130种外来入侵植物；检疫性物种包含99种昆虫、9种软体动物、19种真菌、25种原核生物、18种线虫、37种病毒及类病毒以及42种杂草。共计2 143种病虫害。
数据量	4.96 MB
主要数据指标	病虫害类别
数据可用性	CSTR:17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00187; https://cstr.cn/17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00187 DOI:10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00187; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00187
经费支持	国家重点研发计划（2021YFD1400100、2021YFD1400102、2021YFD1400101）、中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ZDRW202505）。

关键词: 农业数据, 网络挖掘, 信息检索, 数据集, 农业病害, 农业害虫

Abstract:

With the rapid development of natural language processing and information retrieval technologies, the effective extraction and application of knowledge in the agricultural field have become increasingly important. The core of information retrieval lies in quickly and accurately locating relevant information from the knowledge base based on users' query requirements [1]. However, due to the lack of high-quality text datasets in the agricultural field in China, the further development of agricultural pest and disease information retrieval technology has been restricted. In addition, traditional search engines have shown low efficiency and insufficient accuracy in information retrieval in the agricultural field. Users often need to spend a lot of time and energy to re-screen and organize the massive and disordered data information to obtain valuable agricultural knowledge. To address the above problems, this paper has reorganized the text data on animals, plants, diseases, and invasive species accumulated by the laboratory over the years, combined with extensive literature research data, and after the processes of automated or semi-automated data cleaning and denoising, reorganized the unstructured data into structured data, and finally stored it in excel format. The constructed agricultural information retrieval dataset includes three major categories: domestic agricultural pests and diseases, invasive alien species, and quarantine species. Among them, agricultural pests and diseases include 1,254 diseases and 440 pests related to 83 crops; invasive alien species include 70 invasive alien animals and 130 invasive alien plants; Quarantine species include 99 kinds of insects, 9 kinds of mollusks, 19 kinds of fungi, 25 kinds of prokaryotes, 18 kinds of nematodes, 37 kinds of viruses and viroids, and 42 kinds of weeds. A total of 2,143 kinds of pests and diseases. In total, there are 1,983 types of pests and diseases. This dataset covers a wide range of categories and can provide basic data support for the research and development of human-computer interaction-friendly intelligent applications such as agricultural information retrieval, epidemic prevention and quarantine, and database construction in the agricultural field. At the same time, it can provide relevant data query services for scientific research institutions and functional departments engaged in pest-related work.

Data summary:

Items	Description
Dataset name	Agricultural Pest and Disease Information Retrieval Dataset
Specific subject area	Computer science and technology; Other disciplines in agronomy
Research topic	Agricultural information retrieval; data mining; artificial intelligence
Time range	2012-2024
Geographical scope	China
Data types and technical formats	.xlsx
Dataset structure	The agricultural information retrieval dataset includes three categories of domestic agricultural pests and diseases, invasive species from abroad, and quarantine species. Among them, agricultural pests and diseases include 1 254 kinds of plant-related diseases and 440 kinds of insect pests related to 83 kinds of crops; invasive species from abroad include 70 kinds of invasive animals and 130 kinds of invasive plants; Quarantine species include 99 kinds of insects, 9 kinds of mollusks, 19 kinds of fungi, 25 kinds of prokaryotes, 18 kinds of nematodes, 37 kinds of viruses and viroids, and 42 kinds of weeds. A total of 2,143 kinds of pests and diseases. The data of each category is saved in separate Excel format files.
Volume of data	4.96 MB
Key index in dataset	Types of pests and diseases
Data accessibility	CSTR:17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00187; https://cstr.cn/17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00187 DOI:10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00187; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00187
Financial support	National key research and development plan (2021YFD1400100, 2021YFD1400102, 2021YFD1400101), The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP)(CAAS-ZDRW202505).

Key words: agricultural data, web mining, information retrieval, datasets, agricultural disease, agricultural pest

王甄, 覃锋, 乔曦, 黄聪, 刘博, 万方浩, 王陈骄子, 黄亦其. 农业病虫害信息检索数据集[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2025, 7(3): 379-392.

WANG Zhen, QIN Feng, QIAO Xi, HUANG Cong, LIU Bo, WAN FangHao, WANG Chen JiaoZi, HUANG YiQi. Agricultural Pest and Disease Information Retrieval Dataset[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2025, 7(3): 379-392.

图/表 6

表1

现有文本信息检索数据集的细节"

名称	时间	语言	实体数量	对象领域	是否公开
农业本体知识库	2015	中文	不明确	农业	否
农业知识类音视频合成文件文本数据集	2015	中文	不明确	农业	否
Rice Pest Relation Dataset	2019	中文	6 868 句文本	农业水稻病虫害	否
农业领域语义知识图谱数据集	2019	中文	8 136个实体，构建了28 104个实体-关系-实体的三元组集合	包括了7种主要粮食作物的相关信息（玉米、小麦、棉花、水稻、大豆、番薯、马铃薯）	否
汉-维跨语种农业知识库	2019	中文和维吾尔语	不明确	农业	否
农业环境感知数据知识图谱数据集	2020	中文	不明确	农业环境	否
AgCNER	2020	中文	66 553	农业病虫害	是
CORD-19	2020	英语	数百万篇文献	COVID-19与农业	是
枸杞虫害图文跨模态数据集	2021	中文	9 380幅图像样本，每个图像都有相应的文本描述	农业（17种枸杞虫害）	否
FAO文献库	持续更新	多语言	数百万篇文献	农业	是
Agrovoc	持续更新	多语言	数百万篇文献	农业	是
Agris	持续更新	多语言	数十万篇文献	农业	是
Pubag	持续更新	多语言	数十万篇文献	农业	是
TECA	持续更新	多语言	数十万篇文献	农业	是
中国外来入侵物种信息系统	2022	中文	218个物种的信息	植物、动物和微生物	是
外来入侵物种信息系统	2023	中文	数百个物种的信息	外来入侵物种	是
农业病虫草害图文数据库	持续更新	中文	上千种病虫害信息	农业病虫害	是
CABI	持续更新	英文	1 500多个入侵生物	外来入侵物种	否
NAPPFAST	持续更新	英文	上万种病虫害信息	病虫害	是
PestLens	持续更新	英文	上千种检疫性物种信息	检疫性物种	否
EPICA	持续更新	英文	上千个入侵物种信息	外来入侵物种	是
APHIS	持续更新	英文	上千个入侵物种信息	外来入侵物种	否

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

整理后的数据示例：茶饼病"

中文名称	茶饼病
简介	茶饼病分布各茶区，茶园发病率20%－30%，重病茶园达60%－80%，严重影响茶叶产量。病叶制出得成茶品质低劣。
危害症状
病原	病原为坏损外担菌Exobasidium vexans Massee，属担子菌亚门。
侵染循环	(1)病原越冬：菌以菌丝体在病叶活体上越冬或越夏。(2)传播：春季当平均温度在15－20℃，相对湿度80%以上时，形成担孢子。担孢子在夜间释放，随风飞散，落到新梢嫩叶上，遇有水滴时开始萌发，侵入组织，经过3－18天后，产生新病斑。然后病斑上长出白粉状物，继续飞散传播，进行多次侵染，病害不断扩大。远距离传播主要靠苗木调运。(3)发生时期：各茶区发病时间不同，华东、华南茶区3－5月份、9－10月份发生，西南茶区7－11月份发生，海南茶区2月份及9月份以后至翌年1月份发生。春、秋季发生，夏季因为气温高而受抑制。
发生因素	品种间有抗病性差异。高山、山谷、阴坡茶园，由于多雾露，日照少，湿度大，气温低，因此发生严重。管理粗放，杂草多，施肥不当，遮阴，发生也多。密植茶园比条植茶园发病重。
防治方法	(1)检疫：非病区引进苗木时要认真检查，发现病苗马上处理，防止该病传播、扩散。(2)农业防治：勤除杂草，清除茶园及附近的野生灌木，以利通风透光。适当增施磷、钾肥，以增强树势，减轻发病。及时分批多次采摘，选择适当时期修剪，使新梢抽生时避过发病盛期，以减少侵染机会。在采摘期和冬春休眠期，彻底清除发病芽叶，减少初侵染来源。(3)化学防治：①冬春季可喷0.2%－0.5%硫酸铜溶液杀灭越冬菌源。②若连续5天中有3天上午日均日照时数小于3小时，或5天日降雨量2.5mm-5mm时，应马上喷药防治。药剂选用20%三唑酮乳油1500倍液，或20%萎锈灵乳油1000倍液，或90%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂l 000倍液，或77%氢氧化铜可湿性粉剂400－600倍液。隔7－10天喷1次，连续2或3次。③非采茶期和非采摘茶园可喷12%绿乳铜乳油600倍液。

表2

表3

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