呼伦贝尔围封草地与天然草地生物量相关性及其对草原生态补偿机制的启发

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.230206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

呼伦贝尔羊草草甸草原是欧亚草原区亚洲中部草原亚区东端的草原群系，是草甸草原的代表类型之一,其草原生态系统正在经受放牧等人类干扰和气候变化的双重压力，出现不同程度的退化。本文从放牧干扰强度与草地生物量相关关系出发，选取呼伦贝尔地区围栏内与围栏外天然羊草草甸开展野外长期固定样地(2005年围封)植物群落组成的观测，获取了草甸草原植物群落组成数据（2009—2015年），以此为基础研究了群落盖度、群落多度、群落高度对放牧强度的响应。研究表明，围封显著提高了草地地上生物量，且提升程度与围封年限正相关；同时，适度放牧干扰不会造成草地群落多度的降低。其中，后一结论对现阶段以草原生态保护和生产力提高平衡为宗旨的草原生态补偿机制具有启发意义。即在严重退化区适当围封禁牧有助于保护和建设草原，部分体现了生态补偿的必要性，与此同时，进一步的分析也表明相关政策的优化仍具有探讨空间。本研究有助于加深对草原生态系统放牧响应和反馈机制的理解，可为草原生态系统保护及可持续利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 呼伦贝尔, 围封草地, 天然草地, 群落生物量

Abstract:

The Hulunbuir Leymus chinensis Meadow Grassland is a grassland formation at the eastern end of the Central Asian Grassland Subregion in the Eurasian Grassland Region. It is one of the representative types of meadow grasslands, and its grassland ecosystem is undergoing dual pressures from human interference such as grazing and climate change, resulting in varying degrees of degradation. Based on the correlation between grazing disturbance intensity and grassland biomass, this paper selected the natural Leymus chinensis meadow inside and outside the fence in Hulunbeier area to carry out long-term observation on the composition of plant community in the field (enclosed in 2005), obtained the composition data of plant community in the meadow grassland (2009-2015), and studied the response of community coverage, community abundance, and community height to grazing intensity on this basis. Research has shown that enclosure significantly increases the aboveground biomass of grasslands, and the degree of improvement is positively correlated with the duration of enclosure; Meanwhile, moderate grazing interference will not cause a decrease in the abundance of grassland communities. Among them, the latter conclusion has enlightening significance for the grassland ecological compensation mechanism currently aimed at balancing grassland ecological protection and productivity improvement. Proper enclosure and grazing prohibition in severely degraded areas can help protect and build grasslands, partially reflecting the necessity of ecological compensation. At the same time, further analysis also indicates that there is still room for exploration in optimizing relevant policies. This study helps to deepen the understanding of grazing response and feedback mechanisms in grassland ecosystems, and can provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of grassland ecosystems.

Key words: Hulun Buir, enclosed grassland, natural grassland, community biomass

袁波, 严翊丹, 磋么机, 聂莹莹, 徐丽君. 呼伦贝尔围封草地与天然草地生物量相关性及其对草原生态补偿机制的启发[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2023, 5(2): 36-43.

YUAN Bo, YAN YiDan, CUO MeJi, NIE YingYing, XU LiJun. Correlation Between Biomass of Hulunbuir Enclosed Grassland and Natural Grassland and Its Impact on Grassland Ecological Compensation Mechanism[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2023, 5(2): 36-43.

图/表 4

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