冷链物流已经成为降低农产品采后损耗、保障农产品安全的重要手段；新冠肺炎疫情中，与冷链关联的病例时有发生，引起了社会各界对冷链物流的高度关注。建立农产品冷链物流可信追溯体系，对于保障新冠疫情下农产品安全、实现精准追溯与召回具有重要意义。本文通过梳理中国农产品冷链物流发展现状以及新冠疫情下冷链物流面临的挑战，充分发挥区块链在农产品冷链物流追溯中的优势，提出基于区块链技术构建一个从产区到销区、从田间地头到餐桌的农产品冷链物流追溯系统，以期增强农产品冷链物流的追溯可信度。首先，从政府、企业、以及消费者三个参与主体的角度出发，对追溯系统需求进行详细分析；其次，将系统架构划分为感知层、数据层、网络层、核心层、应用层以及用户层六个层次；然后对系统存储机制和流程进行设计和分析，采用“IPFS+区块链”的链上链下双存储机制存储数据，以解决区块链的不足，提高追溯系统运行和查询效率；最后对政府、企业、消费者三个不同端口的主要功能进行介绍。该系统可有效解决农产品冷链物流全程追溯困难、责任主体不明确等问题，实现农产品冷链物流的全程可追溯，从而提升农产品生产监管实效，从根本上提高农产品的质量安全，增强消费者对食品安全的信任。

Cold chain logistics is important for reducing post-harvest losses of agricultural products and ensuring the safety of agricultural products. COVID-19 cases related to cold chains have occasionally occurred, prompting considerable and widespread attention to cold chain logistics. The establishment of an effective traceability system for agricultural products within cold chain logistics is vital for ensuring their safety during the COVID-19 pandemic and achieving accurate traceability and recall. A study was conducted to assess the developmental status of cold chain logistics for China’s agriculture products and identify challenges associated with cold chain logistics in the context of COVID-19. The study highlighted the advantages of blockchain-based traceability of agricultural products within cold chain logistics. Accordingly, a blockchain-based system was constructed for ensuring effective traceability of agricultural products within cold chain logistics extending from the production to the sales areas (i.e., from the field to the table). First, the demand for a traceability system was analyzed in detail from the perspective of the government, enterprises, and consumers. Second, six layers of the system architecture, comprising perceptions, data, networks, and the core, application, and user layers were delineated. Next, a storage mechanism and the system flow were designed and analyzed, and the on-chain and off-chain storage mechanisms of the “Inter Planetary File System+ blockchain” were applied for data storage, thereby addressing the deficiency of the blockchain and improving the operation and query efficiency of the traceability system. Lastly, the main functions of three respective ports for the government, enterprises, and consumers were introduced. This system can effectively resolve various challenges, such as tracing the entire process of cold chain logistics for agricultural products and a lack of clarity regarding assigned responsibility. Thus, the traceability of the entire process of cold chain logistics for agricultural products can be achieved, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of oversight of agricultural production, which ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products and strengthens consumers’ trust in food safety.