科学数据是战略性、基础性科技资源，深刻影响着各国的国家安全、经济发展和科技进步综合竞争力。在开放科学背景下，科学数据作为数据密集型科学研究范式的成果及重要支撑的同时，也面临着安全合规、可信可靠共享方面严峻的安全挑战。笔者从我国科学数据共享面临的安全挑战出发，以促进科学数据开放共享为目标，以构建动态、细粒度、领域适用的数据分类分级制度为核心，从政策、管理、技术、评估和监管等方面，提出科学数据安全战略，促进科学数据安全开发利用，实现科技强国的目标。

Scientific data is a strategic and fundamental scientific and technological resource, profoundly impacting national security, economic development and technological progress. In the context of open science, scientific data, as the outcome and important support of data-intensive scientific research paradigms, also faces severe security challenges in terms of security and compliance, trusted and reliable sharing exchange. Focus on these challenges and aims to promote the open sharing of scientific data, the author propose several feasible strategies from the aspects of policy, management, technology, evaluation, and supervision, where the core is to construct a dynamic, fine-grained, and domain-applicable security classification and grading system, to promote the secure development and utilization of scientific data and accelerate transformation into a scientific and technological powerhouse.