中国在全球葡萄产业中占据重要地位，栽培面积和产量均居世界前列。作为果树产业的关键分支，葡萄产业对于农民的增收和乡村振兴起到了支柱作用。国外品种的引进和自主培育极大地丰富了我国的葡萄品种储备，为产业发展奠定了基础。但品种增多也带来了品种同质化及鉴定困难，传统的形态特征鉴定方法已不再适应当前的需求。本研究对291份鲜食葡萄种质资源提取DNA，利用30对荧光标记的SSR分子标记进行了PCR和荧光毛细管电泳检测，构建品种分子指纹图谱。本研究构建的分子指纹图谱数据库共包含8 730条信息，进一步分析表明，所选用的30个引物位点平均基因型个数为10.7个，杂合度范围为0.21到0.62，平均杂合度为0.38。依据30个引物位点基因型个数，216个品种被推测为二倍体，75个为多倍体，发现二倍体品种间的相似度普遍较低，而多倍体品种的相似度则相对较高。这项研究的成果不仅为葡萄品种鉴定提供了准确依据，而且为种质资源的亲缘关系分析提供了数据支撑，对葡萄产业理论研究和实际应用均具有重要意义。

China occupies an important position in the global grape industry, with cultivation area and yield ranking among the top in the world. As a key branch of the fruit tree industry, the grape industry plays a pillar role in increasing farmers' income and rural revitalization. China's grape variety collection has grown, thanks to the introduction of grapes from other countries and new types developed within China. These additions have been a key factor in growing and strengthening the grape industry. However, the increase in variety has also brought about homogenization and identification difficulties, and traditional morphological feature identification methods are no longer suitable for current needs. This investigation entailed the extraction of DNA from 291 table grape germplasm samples. Employing 30 fluorescently-tagged SSR molecular markers, PCR amplification and fluorescent capillary electrophoresis were conducted to establish a molecular fingerprint database for these cultivars. The molecular fingerprint database constructed in this study contains a total of 8730 pieces of information. Further analysis shows that the average number of genotypes for the 30 selected primer loci is 10.7, with a heterozygosity range of 0.21 to 0.62 and an average heterozygosity of 0.38. Based on the number of genotypes at 30 primer loci, 216 varieties were speculated to be diploid, while 75 were polyploid. It was found that the similarity between diploid varieties was generally low, while the similarity between polyploid varieties was relatively high. The results of this study not only provide accurate basis for grape variety identification, but also provide important data for the analysis of genetic relationships of germplasm resources, which is of great significance for theoretical research and practical applications.

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