国际农业科学观测工作网络化发展的经验与启示

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200401

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid proliferation of big data in the context of the fourth paradigm of science, the roles of agricultural observation networks have become increasingly prominent, especially in the discovery and application of scientific knowledge for regional or even global agriculture systems. A multitude of agricultural observation networks have been established or upgraded by developed countries in Europe and the USA or by international organizations. Multi-scale, multi-site, and interdisciplinary integrated agricultural observation networks at national or international scales have established an institutional system of ‘decision-making, consultation, and execution’. The networks have provided a large amount of agricultural observation data and outputs, strongly supported the implementation of diverse research programs, and thus aided decision-making for agricultural management and promoted realization of sustainable development goals. This paper outlines the development process for an agricultural observation network, analyzes three representative modes of international agricultural observation network, and summarizes their prominent features, trends in network development, and provides insight into the development of an agricultural system observation network in China. The 180 years of development of agricultural observation networks indicate that, in the face of agricultural system transformation driven by complex factors, agricultural observation research must strengthen the top-level design, standard specification, and open data portals to enable adaptation to the overall trends for integrated cooperation, coupling of research fields, scale expansion, and development of new technologies. Agricultural observation research also must develop a research platform that is multidisciplinary and internationally collaborative, to accelerate the development of China's agricultural scientific observation network, to expand research cooperation both at home and abroad, and to support the technological requirements of national- and global-scale observation research.

Key words: agricultural observation network, network development, institutional innovation, scientific observation, scientific data

CLC Number:

S126

Shuai Yang, Guomin Zhou, Yan Zhuang. Experiences and Enlightenment into Development of an International Agricultural Scientific Observation Network[J].Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2020, 2(4): 5-13.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1

Table 1

Structure and responsibliltes of LTAR working groups"

类型	功能	名称	职责
观测类	为收集网络通用观测数据而开发与实现统一科学方法	生物学工作组（Biological）	负责创建一套测定LTAR各类生物变量的统一工具与程序
		碳氧通量测定工作组（Eddy Flux CO）	负责确定一套用于收集、处理测定的热量、水分、二氧化碳和动量等地表通量的适当传感器和程序，确保LTAR获取高质量数据
		水工作组（Water Quantity）	负责确定一套测量LTAR网络关键水文变量，能够支持农业和水文建模所需精度、规模并支持分析性能的统一仪器和数据处理程序
		土壤工作组（Soil）	负责支持LTAR土壤变量的统一仪器和数据处理程序
		气象工作组（Meteorology）	负责确定一套测定LTAR网络气象变量的统一仪器和数据处理程序
		非二氧化碳气体组（Non CO2 Gases）	负责支持对所有LTAR网络公共实验处理中土壤N2O排放量测定
信息管理类	为全网络研究提供必要的计算与数据管理基础设施	数据管理工作组（Data Management）	负责收集数据、整合信息和开展分析，以支撑科学决策和农业生态系统可持续发展
信息管理类	为全网络研究提供必要的计算与数据管理基础设施	资讯管理专责组（Information Management Task Force）	负责设计和建设联网观测基础设施，以满足ARS研究任务需求
协同观测类	坚持问题导向，组织开展区域乃至全网络范围观测研究	农田工作组（Cropland）	负责种植业农田方面共同实验创建
协同观测类	坚持问题导向，组织开展区域乃至全网络范围观测研究	牧场工作组（Rangeland）	负责畜牧业牧场方面共同实验创建
农业管理技术类	开发改进农业生产力和环境保护的新工具	遥感和地理信息工作组（Remote Sensing/GIS）	负责LTAR遥感和GIS信息共享、资源开发，并进行相关网络级研究
外联与沟通类	与生产者、决策者和利益相关者共同推动网络进展宣传的相关政策	风蚀工作组（wind erosion）	负责支持管理国家风蚀研究网络，增强风蚀监测和评估能力

Table 1

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Experiences and Enlightenment into Development of an International Agricultural Scientific Observation Network

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