Abstract:

Agricultural data is the core element driving the development of smart agriculture, and the lagging construction of related systems has become a key obstacle restricting the digital transformation of agriculture. The current legal system exhibits structural contradictions in the institutional supply regarding data ownership confirmation, income distribution, and data circulation. To resolve this contradiction, it is necessary to construct a composite property rights system that combines property rights and personality rights protection, achieving structured allocation of element rights through a data classification and grading ownership confirmation mechanism. A multi-dimensional profit distribution matrix for agricultural data should be designed based on the principle of fairness. The exploration of a hybrid circulation model with a market dominance and government coordination is also necessary, ensuring robust data security while enhancing the efficiency of agricultural data allocation. This three-dimensional institutional framework safeguards the vitality of the element market through the legal certainty of property rights definition, reconstructs the order of income distribution using digital justice principles, and enhances circulation efficiency with the help of technological governance tools. It aligns with the quasi-public good attribute of agricultural data elements, better balancing efficiency and fairness of agricultural data as a quasi-public good, and providing solid support for the cultivation of new agricultural productive forces.

Key words: smart agriculture, agricultural data, data ownership confirmation, data circulation