Following science and technology advances, astronomy research has entered a data-intensive and data-driven era. While it faces demands and challenges in the archiving, preservation, exchanging, data mining, and open access of massive astronomical data, the National Astronomical Data Center (NADC) is dedicated to improving the efficiency of scientific research based on astronomical big data by leveraging advanced information technologies. This paper summarizes the management, international exchange, and open-sharing practices of astronomy data resources in astronomy, and the overall development strategies of the NADC. We introduced Virtual Observatory technologies and astroinformatics as solutions for data-intensive and data-driven astronomical research. To strengthen the collection, management, and analysis of astronomical data resources, the NADC established a domain-specific system tailored to astronomy for the standardization of data collection, long-term data preservation, and exchange of data resources for astronomy. The NADC will conduct work in the following aspects: mining the astronomical data to form scientific data products that can be located and reused by different users; providing standardized services for data retrieval, online data mining and analysis, application interfaces under the open-sharing principle, and providing open-sharing interoperable services online, offline, and mixed modes in accordance with international standards; constructing a physically distributed, but logically unified resource platform for astronomy that appropriately distributes hardware and software resources. Furthermore, this paper presents the NADC’s practices in situation monitoring, international cooperation, and science communication domestic and abroad, and discusses future trends and looks forward to the promising prospect of the availability of NADC as a powerful scientific platform combined with the characteristics of the whole life cycle of astronomical scientific data.