Agricultural big data has been applied in crop cultivation, field precise management, intelligent management and control, meteorological analysis, yield prediction, agricultural production decision-making, and a wide range of other applications. Based on a review of the construction of scientific data resource platforms in China and internationally, this paper summarizes the construction of agricultural science data resource platforms in the Guizhou, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces in Chinese tropical regions. It analyzes the existing problems, including the lack of standardization of agricultural data collection and processing, increasing the difficulty of information resource sharing, lack of core data and data quality, and large volume but unclear basis of tropical agricultural data. It then proposes countermeasures and suggestions to address them. It is important to strengthen the formulation of big data policy, regulations, and standardized systems. Moreover, the development of agricultural big data disciplines should be accelerated; customized, and value-added services should be provided; the integration of big data and tropical agriculture should be improved; and incentive mechanisms should be explored. To form a big data map for tropical crops, a complete system for monitoring, analyzing, and releasing tropical agricultural data will be established. Big data research on tropical agriculture can effectively improve the precision and intelligence of tropical agricultural production as well as enhance the discourse of power, influence, and the competitiveness of China's tropical agriculture in the international market.