In the 21st century, Digital Agriculture is emerging as a direction for the future development of agriculture. This approach improves the traditional agricultural production mode from extensive to intensive production, using data intelligence and scientific processes. These days, countries all over the world promote digitalization as an important driving force for agricultural innovation and development, and have made forward-looking deployments in cutting-edge technology research and development, open sharing of data, and personnel training. The United States, Europe and other developed countries are vigorously developing big data to promote modern agricultural practices and strengthen their agricultural development capabilities. The Chinese government also attaches great importance to the role of big data in economic and social development. Since 2014, and supported by the national strategic deployment, 863 plan, the National Natural Resources Fund and other policies and projects, advances have been made in the construction of agricultural basic data, scientific research data, single variety whole industrial chain data, and agricultural product monitoring and early warning platforms. Big data lies at the core of these efforts and is a key element and driving force of digital agriculture. As an important commodity grain base in China, Heilongjiang Province ranks first in terms of grain output and commodity rate, and plays an important role in national food security. As a modern agricultural base, the province applies big data in digital agriculture, and demonstrates concrete achievements such as the construction of a big data platform, the use of sensor data for agricultural monitoring and early warning, the construction of Internet of Things, e-commerce cluster, ect. This paper explores the application of big data in digital agriculture. It defines digital agriculture and big data, summarizes the application of big data in digital agriculture in China and abroad, and analyzes challenges in applying big data in digital agriculture in Heilongjiang Province. It aims to provide guidance for practical applications of big data in digital agriculture.