China's peanut industry includes activities such as production, processing, import and export for consumption of China’s peanuts around the world ranking first, which is in a pivotal position in the international community. However, China's peanut industry exhibits weak international competitiveness. Better industry data are seen as part of the solution. Having effective data about single agricultural products along each whole industry chain is viewed as an important solution for advancing agricultural supply-side structural reform, and could improve the efficiency of the single agricultural product industry chain. For example, the application of single agricultural product big data such as the “zdscxx-pg” -China Apple Big Data Platform plays an important role in the development of China's agricultural superiority industry . Although peanuts are an important agricultural product of China, there is no peanut big data platform of the whole industrial chain open to the public. This paper focuses on how to build a peanut big data platform, which could help the peanut industry improve efficiency and sustainability assisted by big data. In this paper, we first summarize the actual experience of setting up a data platform for a single product, and analyze the key issues. We identify the different types and sources of relevant data, and outline the platform scheme. Finally, we build the overall structure for a peanut big data platform, and propose practical applications of the platform data. Our research shows the value of a peanut big data platform that covers the whole industry chain, gathers and shares data resources of the peanut industry, grasps the situation of peanut industry, relies on the platform to provide accurate services to all links and entities in the peanut industry, integrates large-scale peanut industry companies into quality and safety traceability and its importance for the sustainable development of China’s peanut industry. It can assist the government in formulating a development strategy for the peanut industry. It can gather data along the whole industry chain and share real-time data with industry participants. A peanut big data platform can reveal peanut industry conditions that are helpful to improve peanut quality, such as optimizing peanut planting layout and promoting producer-seller connections.