Fresh agricultural products mainly include vegetables, fruits, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products. The degree of freshness of perishable primary products determines their own value. In 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a huge impact on people's lives, further affecting the development process of China's fresh agricultural products industry and posing new challenges to the existing supply chain system of fresh agricultural products. Our investigation and analysis show that during the epidemic period, there were negative phenomena such as the contradiction between supply and demand of fresh agricultural products, the slow information transmission of the supply chain, and the narrow purchase channels of suppliers. At the same time, we also identify positive outcomes, such as the recovery of cold chain logistics and new developments in the fresh agricultural supply chain. To further understand the outbreak period, we conducted a survey on the running status of fresh agricultural products. This paper investigates the rise in purchases of fruits and vegetables by studying data from 500 consumers in seven regions including central and southern region. We also investigate the problem of the quality of fruits and vegetables and the future development of the fruit and vegetable industry, and we identify three ways of understanding the changes in the fruit and vegetable supply system since the purchasing outbreak. The study concludes that during the imbalance in the supply and demand of fruits and vegetables, when demand for fruits and vegetables is high, problems arise because of limitations of the fresh product supply system in China. Four factors are important to the future development of the fresh agricultural products supply chain system: the integration of the online supply chain model; the wisdom of the logistics supply chain; the strategic alliance model of agricultural products supply chain; and the demand of the agricultural products supply chain pattern. Together these four factors can ensure the stability and orderly development of the fresh agricultural products industry in the context of normalized epidemic prevention.