Diversification of agricultural imports is an important strategy for ensuring food security in China. During the COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural cold chain logistics are facing new challenges but also a new round of rapid development opportunities. It’s particularly critical to determine how to build the first line of defense in port areas for the supervision of agricultural products to ensure the safety and reliability of incoming cargo. In recent years, China has continued to strengthen the construction of its regulatory traceability system for imported agricultural products, but there are still weak links and a lack of connectivity in the overall construction of the system. In this paper, we propose a supervision platform that addresses the problems of weak correlation and traceability of the cold chain logistics information on agricultural products in port areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relying on low-power-based radio frequency identification technology, the platform is combined with wireless sensor networks to collect key real-time data on the microenvironment, including temperature and humidity, influencing the cold chain logistics links of imported agricultural products. The platform unites multiple entities, including production, distribution, operation, and supervision entities, to build a pool of basic information data, such as inspection and quarantine certificates, nucleic acid test reports, and disinfection certificates for imported agricultural products. It integrates the core technologies of the new generation, the Internet of Things, the Internet, big data, cloud computing, and block chain, and builds a standard data flow and database to identify the key links and elements affecting the quality and safety of agricultural products from a large amount of data with the help of advanced algorithms. We establish risk controls and early warnings for imported agricultural products, build a traceability model, and then explore the creation of a comprehensive supervision platform in the port area, undertaking key data cleaning, integration, analysis, and sharing. The platform provides powerful support for government supervision, analysis, and decision-making, including emergency responses and public inquiries, combines “physical defense” and “human defense” in the cold chain logistics network for imported agricultural products, and promotes the improvement of the supervisory system for cold chain logistics of agricultural products in port areas.