Pear fruit quality is the most concerned index in pear breeding and processing. Chinese pear cultivars include White pear, Sand pear, Ussurian pear, Sinkiang pear and Common pear. The quality indexes of different varieties are different to quality indexs. However, there are few systematic and large-scale researches on pear fruit quality. Sixty pear varieties including White pear, Ussurian pear, Sand pear, Common pear, Sinkiang pear and Hybrid pear were investigated. By measuring 10 quality indicators (single fruit weight, hardness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acid (TA), SSC/TA, vitamin C (Vc), power of hydrogen (pH), stone cells, ethanol and acetaldehyde) to understand the quality of 60 pear varieties. The results show that single fruit weight of Xiaoxiangshui of Ussurian pear is the smallest (36.72g), and that of Pugua pear of Sand pear is the largest (439.15g). The hardness of Ussurian pear and Common pear decrease significantly after ripening. There are 4 varieties with SSC higher than 15.00%, all of which are Ussurian pear cultivars, including Bailixiang, Hongnanguo, Jianba pear and Shatang pear, respectively. The was Hongmacha and Jinhua pear have the lowest SSC. The average TA content of the Ussurian pear are the highest (0.69%), and the average TA content of the Hybrid pear are the lowest (0.06%). The SSC/TA values of pear cultivars of Ussurian pear are mostly low. The pear varieties with high Vc content are Chonghuada Pear (8.38 mg/100g), Haichengci (5.49 mg/100g) and Jinanxiaobai (7.28 mg/100g). Pear juice pH range is 2.73-5.32, acidic. The content of stone cells of Huangjinduima is significantly higher than that of other varieties. The contents of ethanol and acetaldehyde have a certain effect on the flavor of pear, which are natural flavor compounds in fruits and vegetables. The average contents of ethanol and acetaldehyde in Ussurian pear cultivars are higher than that in other varieties. Excellent pear varieties are not only the first choice for fruit farmers, but also the research target for breeders. High quality is one of the important conditions for excellent fruit.The above quality data collection can lay the foundation for pear breeding and processing, and provide a certain theoretical reference for the development of pear fruit industry.