Seed germination is a key stage of population settlement, and the seed germination strategy of saline plants is an important factor affecting the settlement and distribution of plant species in saline environments. The Chenopodiaceae Salsola L. is a major population-building species of saline vegetation that can tolerate poor and arid habitats, and is one of the most diverse and widely distributed plant types in Xinjiang. This dataset is based on the principle of physiology and ecology in the laboratory, aiming at the characteristics of seed germination. The germination data of wingless seeds of S. rigida Pall., S. arbuscula Pall. and S.nitraria Pall. collected in mid-October 2017 in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang were studied under the different temperatures (2-5℃, 5-15℃, 5-25℃ and 15-25℃, 12-hour light / dark alternation), salt stress(0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mmol/L NaCl) and rehydration. A number of winged and non-winged Salsola L. seeds are randomly selected, and their diameters and 1000-grain weights are measured respectively. This dataset has important practical and guiding significance for the restoration, introduction and domestication of Salsola L. vegetation and development and utilization in arid areas.