Farmers' cooperatives have become an important part of China's modern agricultural industrial organization, and their development quality is directly related to the process of China's agricultural and rural modernization. By establishing fixed observation points with 456 (2020) and 537 (2021) farmers’ cooperatives in 10 counties (cities and districts) in Sichuan Province, the research group carried out field research for two consecutive years, collected detailed data on the production and operation of farmers’ cooperatives from 2020 to 2021, and processed and sorted out the data according to scientific methods to obtain 993 pieces of internal governance structure, industrial integration, green technology adoption, and demonstration drive that reflected the development of farmers' cooperatives. The operation quality dataset of farmers' cooperatives in Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2021 was formed. This data provide the possibility for improving the internal governance structure of cooperatives, lay a foundation for the research on improving the operation quality of farmers' cooperatives, and provide important support for the decision-making of the government and relevant ministries.