Banana is the fruit with the largest production in tropical and subtropical regions of China, and has been the typical cash crop in agricultural economy of tropical regions in China. Our project team visited 8 banana producing cities or counties in Guangdong and Hainan provinces of China and collected a micro-level dataset on production management of banana farmers in 2018.Our project team uses scientific methods to design questionnaires, conduct field survey, input data, and organize data and finally obtain 446 pieces of data reflecting the production and management status of banana farmers. In addition, 8 statistical descriptive tables were drawn. These data formed the production and management survey statistical dataset of banana farmers in Guangdong and Hainan provinces in 2018, including detailed data on the basic characteristics of banana farmers, farmer households’ characteristics, livelihoods and production, banana production and sales situation, and other aspects. This dataset provides the possibility for research on the production and operation of the banana industry, supplies the micro-level data to support the research on innovative technology and pesticide application of the banana industry, and presents important support for the government and relevant stakeholders to make scientific decisions.