To accelerate the building of a strong agriculture and promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, it is necessary to observe and investigate the current situation of the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in China. Through the follow-up survey, we can deeply understand the development process and current situation of the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in our country, and support the scientific decision-making of the national and local implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and support the frontier academic research on the issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Based on the agricultural and rural modernization surveys organized by the College of Economics and Management and Macro Agriculture Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University for 5 consecutive years, this paper summarizes the whole process of survey organization from the preparation and personnel organization before the survey, institutional guarantee and standardization work during the survey, to the summary and maintenance after the survey, which mainly includes teacher team formation and responsibilities, questionnaire design and electronization, investigator recruitment and team formation, survey training, survey sampling, work guarantee, quality inspection and control, data management, evaluation and summary, survey report writing, fixed observation point maintenance, etc..