With the rapid progress of science and technology, the research in the field of forestry and grassland increasingly relies on big data and advanced information technology. However, this trend also brings with it a large amount of sensitive and vital scientific data, thus highlighting the importance of data security management. Firstly, this paper summarizes five core components of forestry and grassland scientific data management system: security system, security organization, security technology, security operation and maintenance, and security infrastructure, which together constitute a solid foundation for forestry and grassland scientific data management. Secondly, it further explores the forestry and grassland scientific data management scheme based on classification, and emphasizes the importance of data security protection system. By setting different management levels for different categories of data, you can not only promote the orderly flow of data, but also ensure security and reliability during data sharing. This refined management method aims to protect the security of data while realizing the maximum value of data. Finally, the protection measures of forestry and grassland scientific data security are listed in detail, which provides a solid guarantee for the steady growth and sharing of forestry and grassland scientific data.