关键词: 北方, 果树, 种质资源, 新品种选育

Abstract:

Fruit trees in northern China are mainly deciduous fruit trees such as apple, pear, peach and grape, and the four major tree species are the important sources of fruits in China. Fruit tree germplasm resources are the "chip" of fruit tree seed industry and the material guarantee for the development of fruit industry. The Research Institute of Pomology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was officially established 64 years ago, who is the first scientific research institution to carry out relevant research in China, but research on fruit tree germplasm resources and new variety breeding of history has been engaged in for more than 70 years. It has established the National Repository of Apple and Pear Germplasm Resources in Xingcheng, which has the longest history and ranks in the world in the number of apple and pear germplasm resources, and won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. It has bred more than 100 new varieties and dwarf rootstocks of apples, pears, grapes and peaches, and published many influential books. Our efforts and achievements have provided a strong scientific and technological support for the rapid development of China's fruit industry, and had a profound impact on the sustainable development of China's apple, pear, peach, grape and other industries. This article reviewed and summarized the main achievements in extensive collection, proper preservation, in-depth research, active innovation, sharing and utilization and breeding of new varieties and so on. And finally from the following four aspects: improving the protection system of fruit tree germplasm resources combined with multiple conservation methods, identifying of fruit tree germplasm resources under the guidance of national and industrial development needs, mining fruit tree germplasm resources with refined evaluation and accurate positioning, and promoting new varieties through innovation of breeding technologies, we look forward to the main research direction and content of our institute in the future in the high-level protection and high-quality utilization of fruit tree germplasm resources, We will continue to make greater contributions to the building of a powerful fruit industry and rural revitalization.

Key words: northern China, fruit tree, germplasm, breeding of new variety