23份苹果种质资源的果实品质分析

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.220202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的近年来，果品质量是苹果市场竞争力的主要因素，研究分析不同苹果种质资源的果实品质性状多样性，能够为新品种培育、创制新种质奠定基础。方法以23份苹果种质的成熟果实为材料，测定计算其单果重、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比7个果实品质性状的数据并进行方差分析、相关性分析及主成分分析。结果分析得出这23份苹果种质的7个果实品质性状都存在不同程度的种间差异；果实糖酸比与可滴定酸、VC含量存在显著相关性，可滴定酸含量与单果重、维生素C含量相关性显著，其他各性状之间相关性不显著；主成分分析在特征值大于1时将7个品质指标综合为3个主要成分，累积方差贡献率达到73.21%，第一主成分主要代表糖酸比、VC含量、可滴定酸含量，第二主成分主要代表单果重，第三成分主要代表硬度、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量。结论 23份苹果种质的单果重、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比7个果实品质性状存在较大的变异差异，不同种质有其突出的果品特性，其中某项果品性状表现突出的种质资源可以考虑作为优质品种选育的亲本。

关键词: 苹果种质资源, 果实品质性状, 多样性

Abstract:

Objective In recent years, fruit quality is the main factor of the apple market competitiveness, and the diversity of fruit quality traits in different apple germplasm resources is studied and analyzed to cultivate new varieties and create new germplasm. Methods Twenty-three apple germplasms were evaluated for differences in fruit quality indicators including individual fruit weight, firmness without skin, soluble solid content, vitamin C, soluble sugar content, titratable acidity，TSS/TA. Meanwhile, these quality indicators were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Results The results showed that the seven quality indicators revealed a significant difference among 23 different apple germplasm. There is a significantly positive correlation between titratable acidity and vitamin C. There is a significantly positive correlation between titratable acidity and individual fruit weight. There is a significantly negative correlation between TSS/TA and vitamin C. There is a significantly negative correlation between TSS/TA and titratable acidity as well. Three major components with a characteristic value larger than 1 during PCA were extracted and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 73.21%. The first principal component represented TSS/TA, vitamin C, titratable acidity; the second principal component represented individual fruit weight; the third principal component represented firmness without skin, soluble solid content, soluble sugar content. Conclusion There is significant difference in seven fruits quality traits of twenty-three apple germplasm resources. Different germplasm has different typical traits. In these 23 apple germplasm resources, the fruit size of 'Yan Guang' is the highest. 'Huang Taiping' has the highest firmness without skin and soluble solid content. ‘Suan Wang' has the highest content of acid and vitamin C. ‘Zhang Jiakouduanzhi' has the highest soluble sugar content. The TSS/TA of 'Guo Shuai' is the highest.

Key words: apple germplasm resources, fruit quality traits, diversity

中图分类号:

S602

孙思邈, 高源, 王昆, 王大江, 李连文. 23份苹果种质资源的果实品质分析[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2022, 4(2): 13-19.

Simiao Sun, Yuan Gao, Kun Wang, Dajiang Wang, Lianwen Li. Fruit Quality Analysis of 23 Apple Germplasm Resources[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2022, 4(2): 13-19.

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	种质名称	学名	采收期		品种名称	学名	采收期
1	红雪	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.31	13	沈农2号	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.23
2	红乔王	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.09	14	国帅	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.22
3	B系金冠	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.09	15	黄玉	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.31
4	文红	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.16	16	酸王	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.16
5	张家口短枝	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.26	17	红奥赛	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.22
6	梨形果	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.09	18	青冠	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.10.12
7	新元帅	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.26	19	丽嘎	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.31
8	黄太平	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.25	20	昂林	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.08
9	金红	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.23	21	晨阳	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.22
10	战寒香	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.25	22	秦光	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.26
11	丹苹	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.08.31	23	延光	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.26
12	康屯短枝	M.domestica Borkh.	2021.09.26

性状	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	变异系数 %
单果重 (kg)	169.01	72.37	40.15	429.30	42.82
硬度 (kg/cm²)	4.46	1.01	1.29	7.38	22.58
可溶性固形物 (%)	11.60	1.49	8.50	16.60	12.82
VC含量 (mg/100g)	6.29	2.88	2.33	14.63	45.75
可溶性糖 (mg/g)	37.72	15.73	10.59	82.37	41.70
可滴定酸(%)	0.46	0.26	0.14	1.30	55.82
糖酸比	29.91	16.09	0.84	87.32	53.79

序号	品种名称	单果重 (g)	硬度 (kg/cm²)	可溶性固形物(%)	VC (mg/100g)	可溶性糖 (mg/g)	可滴定酸 (%)	糖酸比
1	红雪	119.21ghi	4.02gh	10.66jk	3.15r	33.89m	0.62e	17.08n
2	红乔王	265.54b	3.81ghi	11.34hi	6.99g	11.03v	0.55f	20.53kl
3	B系金冠	123.12gh	4.03gh	11.08ij	4.36o	26.01q	0.33o	33.14g
4	文红	168.06def	5.87b	11.74fgh	5.91k	38.45i	0.51h	23.2ij
5	张家口短枝	198.13cd	4.49f	11.84fgh	4.20p	81.94a	0.22t	54.48b
6	梨形果	159.90ef	3.44jk	12.97cd	11.14b	15.16u	0.77c	16.91n
7	新元帅	171.75def	4.62f	9.94lm	4.84m	43.90h	0.23s	43.66d
8	黄太平	48.73j	6.51a	14.17a	10.92c	47.93e	0.83b	17.13n
9	金红	99.13hi	5.39cd	11.8fgh	6.52i	25.31r	0.65d	18.09mn
10	战寒香	122.37gh	3.51ijk	11.49ghi	4.71mn	22.04s	0.47j	24.27i
11	丹苹	274.36b	4.83ef	9.68m	3.49q	46.47e	0.44k	21.93jk
12	康屯短枝	230.42c	4.07g	10.41kl	5.05l	33.92l	0.19u	54.98b
13	沈农2号	92.02hi	4.58f	12.58de	7.11g	46.41f	0.36n	35.17f
14	国帅	198.18cd	4.60f	9.81m	4.60n	29.31o	0.14w	69.05a
15	黄玉	165.86def	3.30k	11.53ghi	3.21r	51.25d	0.30q	38.52e
16	酸王	86.59i	5.13de	10.76jk	14.50a	54.64c	1.30a	8.28o
17	红奥赛	190.41de	4.69f	13.49bc	8.8d	21.45t	0.43l	31.31h
18	青冠	196.14cd	5.13de	11.97fg	7.98e	34.44k	0.55g	21.92jk
19	丽嘎	175.88def	3.23k	13.74ab	2.43s	33.42n	0.29r	46.61c
20	昂林	227.56c	3.37jk	11.83fgh	6.70h	37.67j	0.37m	31.92gh
21	晨阳	113.39ghi	4.70f	12.35ef	7.46f	26.32p	0.31p	39.27e
22	秦光	148.03fg	5.64bc	9.71m	6.29j	45.51g	0.50i	19.34lm
23	延光	312.44a	3.70hij	11.94fgh	4.30op	61.07b	0.19v	1.01p

性状	单果重	硬度	可溶性固形物	VC	可溶性糖	可滴定酸	糖酸比
单果重	1
硬度	-0.408	1
可溶性固形物	-0.271	-0.019	1
VC	-0.406	0.412	0.318	1
可溶性糖	0.075	0.203	-0.11	-0.114	1
可滴定酸	-0.500*	0.381	0.150	0.787**	-0.086	1
糖酸比	0.081	-0.196	-0.147	-0.420*	0.034	-0.654**	1

性状	成分
	1	2	3
单果重	-0.15	-0.85	-0.07
硬度	0.30	0.51	0.62
可溶性固形物	0.05	0.57	-0.49
VC	0.70	0.51	-0.04
可溶性糖	-0.11	-0.06	0.78
可滴定酸	0.87	0.37	0.03
糖酸比	-0.90	0.12	0.04
特征值	2.17	1.72	1.24
方差贡献率(%)	31.03	24.50	17.69
累积方差贡献率(%)	31.03	55.52	73.21