关键词: 果树, 品种选育, 育种技术, 研究进展

Abstract:

Breeding technology is an important tool for fruit tree breeding. Fruit tree breeding techniques mainly include conventional breeding techniques such as cross breeding, mutation and seedling selection, and auxiliary breeding techniques including radiation breeding, molecular marker assisted breeding, and genetic transformation. At present, conventional breeding technology is the main technology for breeding major fruit trees in northern China, and most varieties are selected through conventional breeding techniques. Mutation breeding and tissue culture are important auxiliary breeding techniques that play valuable roles in fruit breeding in northern China. Molecular marker-assisted breeding and genetic transformation technologies were used, molecular markers related to important traits were screened and developed, and important transgenic fruit trees were obtained, which laid an important foundation for molecular breeding of fruit trees. Using apple, pear, grape, and peach as examples, this paper summarized the breeding techniques of major fruit trees in northern China, introduced the characteristics and application of breeding techniques, and addressed the future of fruit tree breeding strategies and methods to provide ideas and references for the breeding major fruit trees in northern China.

Key words: fruit trees, variety selection, breeding technology, research progress