国内外科学数据共享现状研究与发展建议

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.220214

Abstract

Abstract:

Scientific data refers to the original basic data obtained in research, experiment, observation, monitoring, detection, investigation and other scientific and technological activities or through other means, as well as various data sets that are processed and sorted out according to the needs of different scientific and technological activities. Scientific data sharing is the most basic and active effective resource in scientific activities. As one of the means to effectively develop and utilize scientific data, it reduces the "digital divide", promotes the optimal allocation and reuse of data resources, speeds up scientific knowledge discovery and scientific progress, promotes scientific community sharing and cooperation, and is of great significance to improve the level of science and technology and promote social development. Compared with countries with more mature scientific data sharing development, the development of scientific data sharing in China is slightly slow. How to improve the data awareness of the whole people and create an atmosphere for scientific data sharing is very important to promote the development of scientific data. Based on the core idea of "dimension", this paper uses the online analytical processing (OLAP) method for reference, deduces "the degree of policy perfection, the construction and use level of data sharing platform, and the benefit driven transformation" into three dimensions, puts forward a multi-dimensional analysis model for the development of scientific data sharing based on OLAP, and carries out research and Analysis on domestic and foreign scientific data sharing policies, data platform construction, and the benefits of scientific data sharing, Summarize the influencing factors and obstacles and problems encountered in the development process of scientific data sharing in China. Finally, combined with the actual development of scientific data sharing in China, this paper puts forward feasible suggestions to promote the development of scientific data sharing from the three aspects of "policies and systems integrated into incentive mechanism", "strengthening intellectual property protection" and "building a one-stop scientific data sharing platform", so as to provide reference for the management of scientific data sharing in China in theory and practice.

Key words: scientific data sharing, OLAP multidimensional analysis, policies, intellectual property rights, data sharing platform, big data

CLC Number:

S973

Yuxiao Sun, Yanli Li, Feng Li, Qian Chen. Research and Development Suggestions on Scientific Data Sharing at Home and Abroad[J].Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2022, 4(2): 88-98.

Figures/Tables 7

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序号	名称	制定实施情况
1	《中华人民共和国科技资源法》	2008年7月1日正式实施
2	《中华人民共和国著作权法》	1988年9月5日公布，2020年11月11日第三次修订
3	《中华人民共和国专利法》	2020年10月17日第四次修订，2021年6月1日执行
4	《中华人民共和国档案法》	2021年1月1日起施行
5	《科学数据共享条例》	专家建议稿已研究制定
6	《国家重点基础发展计划资源环境领域项目数据汇交暂行办法》	2008年3月发布
7	《科技基础建设条件平台建设纲要》	国务院于2004年公布实施
8	《科学数据管理办法》	国务院于2018年3月发布

序号	政策名称	面向领域	发布机构	发布时间
1	《中国极地考察数据管理办法》	海洋学科	国家海洋局	2018年3月
2	《农业科学数据汇交管理办法》	农业学科	国家农业科数据中心	2018年11月
3	《高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项卫星遥感数据管理暂行办法》	卫星遥感	国防科工局	2018年1月
4	《海洋生态环境监测数据共享服务程序（试行）》	海洋学科	国家海洋信息中心	2015年12月
5	《气象信息服务管理方法》	气象学科	中国气象局	2015年3月
6	《气象资料共享管理办法》	气象学科	中国气象局	2001年11月
7	《国土资源数据管理暂行办法》	土地资源	国土资源部	2010年9月
8	《地震科学数据共享管理办法》	地震科学	中国地震局	2006年6月
9	《数据共享规范标准》	地震科学	国家地震科学数据共享中心	2016年4月

序号	主体名称	内容要求
1	数据采集和处理方法	描述获得数据过程中所需的全部处理步骤，包含方法、程序、算法与分析等。
2	数据样本描述	数据集的名称、时间范围、空间分辨率、数据量、数据格式、数据存储网址、数据集等。
3	数据质量控制和评估	提供数据质量控制方法和验证过程，列明误差数据和相关精度，对于连续性数据中的数据缺失、断点等情况进行必要性说明。
4	数据价值	体现数据来源，数据整理加工过程，质量控制等方面的创新性，从数据覆盖范围，数据加工方法，潜在应用领域说明本数据集的价值。
5	数据使用方法和建议	提供数据利用的推荐软件说明，数据的深加工方法与步骤以及数据集成或比较说明等。
6	数据作者分工职责	每位作者的分工描述及对本论文的贡献描述。

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Research and Development Suggestions on Scientific Data Sharing at Home and Abroad

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