中国草地和草业科学数据库研究与应用

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.190405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学数据不仅是科技创新、经济发展和国家安全的重要战略资源，也是政府部门制定政策、进行科学决策的重要依据。我国草原是世界第二大国，是我国重要的战略资源，为广大边疆牧区提供了最主要的农业生产资料。由于长期以来，我国草原畜牧业主要依赖天然放牧和传统生产方式进行经营，经济增长主要依靠牲畜数量的增加，草原畜牧业经营粗放、管理相对落后、经济效益偏下，草原资源破坏严重，生态环境恶化等现象较为突出。加之科学研究与技术积累与快速发展的草业产业存在一定差距，科技支撑力度不够，草地畜牧业发展面临着多方面问题的困扰。针对这一重大问题，在“互联网+”大数据时代及生态文明战略背景下，草业科学数据逐步成为生态建设和畜牧业有序经营的热点。草地和草业科学数据库一方面旨在抢救和收集散落的建国初期重要草原和草业监测数据，另一方面，完善和更新现有数据库，整合国内外最新数据资源，丰富我国草地和草业科学数据库。本文结合国内外数据科学研究进展，阐述了草业科学数据的基本结构和标准体系，并以国家农业科学数据中心草业分中心为核心，介绍了我国草业科学数据库建设情况，包括牧草、草地、草业经济、生态背景、草业监测等5大主体数据库群的建设内容及共享情况，并延伸介绍了草业科学数据在牧草信息化管理、草地监测管理中的系统应用。最后总结了当前草业数据发展趋势和愿景。

关键词: 草业科学, 数据标准, 数据库建设, 共享平台, 应用服务, 科学数据管理, 科学数据, 数据共享

Abstract:

Scientific data is not only a strategic resource for scientific and technological innovation, economic development and national security, but also an important basis for governmental policy formation and scientific decision-making. China's grassland area is the second largest in the world and an important strategic resource for the country, providing the most significant means of agricultural production for the vast border pastoral areas. For centuries, China's grassland animal husbandry has relied on natural grazing and traditional production modes for operation, with economic growth depending primarily on increases in the number of livestock. Grassland animal husbandry has been characterized by extensive operation, relatively backward management, lower economic benefits, destruction of grassland resources, and environmental degradation. Today, a gap exists between accumulating scientific research and technology and the rapid development of the grassland industry, with science and technology support for the grassland industry noticeably inadequate. Developing grassland animal husbandry therefore faces many problems. At the intersection of the "Internet +" big data era and the strategy of ecological civilization, grassland data science has become a hot topic in environmental management and the orderly operation of animal husbandry. The grassland and forage science database therefore has two aims: 1) to collect and preserve the scattered monitoring data of important grassland and forage in the early days of the People's Republic of China; and 2) to improve and update the existing database, integrating the latest data resources at home and from abroad. Summarizing progress to date, this paper describes the basic structure and standard system of grassland science data, taking the grassland and forage sub-center as its core. The paper then further details construction of the Grassland Science Database in China, with data on herbage, grassland, grassland economy, ecological background, and grassland monitoring. Additional discussion is provided on the application of grassland scientific data in information management and grassland monitoring. Finally, development trends and future visions for grassland industry data are summarized.

Key words: grassland science, data standard, database construction, sharing platform, application service, scientific data management, scientific data, data sharing

中图分类号:

G203

徐丽君, 姚艳敏, 张保辉, 杨桂霞, 闫瑞瑞, 阿斯娅, 柳小妮, 辛晓平. 中国草地和草业科学数据库研究与应用[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2019, 1(4): 46-57.

Lijun Xu, Yanmin Yao, Baohui Zhang, Guixia Yang, Ruirui Yan, Asiya, Xiaoni Liu, Xiaoping Xin. Research and Application of Grassland and Forage Science Database in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2019, 1(4): 46-57.

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