区域大数据发展与区域农业大数据建设水平比较研究

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.220113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展数字经济，完善大数据建设，创新各行业大数据应用已成为国家战略，而区域大数据发展水平及政策倾向直接影响区域农业大数据的建设和应用。课题深入调研分析2020年各区域大数据和农业大数据建设现状基础上，建立比较评价指标体系，创新性横向比较区域大数据发展及区域农业大数据建设水平，再纵向立体综合对比各区域各指标内涵及相互关联关系：受区域经济发展水平、区域基础建设、区域政策、人才建设、资金投入、产业集聚的影响，区域大数据发展及区域农业大数据建设不平衡，基本呈东高西低的态势；其中环境发展指数对大数据及农业大数据发展水平影响重大；数据资源建设进程不一，很多省公共数据开放不到位；区域竞争让人才、组织、示范企业高度集中；科研人才、资金等的投入成为中西部及东北各省创新能力的洼点；各省区域农业大数据建设重视度不同，加上农业数据的复杂性，建设进度落后于区域大数据，出现部分区域农业大数据建设与经济及区域大数据发展水平不匹配，发展战略无法有效实施的矛盾现象，成为区域大数据发展的短板，严重阻碍区域及全国大数据及农业大数据发展。基于研究进一步总结大数据及农业大数据战略实施存在的问题及成因，探讨大数据及农业大数据发展策略。

关键词: 农业大数据, 区域大数据, 区域农业电商, 数字经济, 区域发展

Abstract:

Developing the digital economy, improving construction of big datasets and innovating applications of big data in various industries have become a national strategy. The development level and policy tendency of regional strategies directly affect the construction and application of big data relating to agriculture. An investigation and analysis of the current situation regarding regional big data and agricultural big data in 2020 enables a comparative evaluation index system to be developed. The development of regional big data and the construction level of regional agricultural big data are compared horizontally, and then the connotation and correlation of various indicators in each region are compared vertically. A three-dimensional analysis focusing on the level of regional economic development, regional infrastructure, regional policies, talent construction, capital investment, and industrial agglomeration is also conducted. It’s unbalanced when it comes to the development level of regional big data and the construction of regional agricultural big data in China, which is higher in the east while lower in the west. The environmental development index has a significant impact on the development level of big data and agricultural big data. The process of constructing data resources varies among regions, and public data are not readily available in many provinces. Regional competition leads to the concentration of talent, organizations, and enterprises, and investment in scientific research has suppressed innovation in central, western, and northeast provinces. Different provinces put different levels of energy into the construction of regional agricultural big data. In addition to that, the complexity of agricultural data means that the construction process lags behind that of regional big data. Therefore, there are contradictions between the construction of agricultural big data in some regions and the development level of the economy and regional big data, meaning that development strategies cannot be effectively implemented. This has become a bottleneck for the development of regional big data and seriously hinders the development of regional/national big data and agricultural big data. This paper further summarizes the problems in the implementation of big data and agricultural big data strategies, and discusses appropriate development strategies for big data and agricultural big data.

Key words: agricultural big data, regional big data, regional agricultural E-commerce, digital economy, regional development

中图分类号:

G203

陶耘, 成谢锋. 区域大数据发展与区域农业大数据建设水平比较研究[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2022, 4(1): 125-135.

Yun Tao, Xiefeng Cheng. Comparative Study on Regional Big Data Development and Regional Agricultural Big Data Construction Level[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2022, 4(1): 125-135.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 14

1	中华人民共和国农业农村部.农业部关于推进农业农村大数据发展的实施意见[EB/OL].（2016-01-04）[2019-10-22]..
	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Implementation opinions of the Ministry of agriculture on promoting the development of agricultural and rural big data [EB/OL].(2016-01-04)[2019-10-22]..
2	李艳玲.大数据背景下企业管理会计工作的创新应用研究[J].大众投资指南,2021(19):105-106.
	Li Y L. Research on innovative application of enterprise management accounting under the background of big data [J]. Public investment guide, 2021(19):105-106.
3	董欣格.大数据背景下数据挖掘技术在银行中的应用分析[J].今日财富,2021(20):31-33.
	Dong X G. Application analysis of data mining technology in banks under the background of big data [J]. Today's fortune, 2021(20):31-33.
4	徐晓贝,张继锋.大数据在智能交通系统中的应用探究[J].数字通信世界,2021(10):192-193.
	Xu X B, Zhang J F. Application of big data in intelligent transportation system [J]. Digital communication world, 2021(10):192-193.
5	李文萍.农业大数据在农业经济管理中的应用分析[J].农家参谋,2021(12):95-96.
	Li W P. Application analysis of agricultural big data in agricultural economic management [J]. Agricultural staff, 2021(12):95-96.
6	刘宝印,杜洪燕.粤港澳大湾区建设农业大数据中心的必要性、可行性及相关建议[J].河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),2021,37(07):61-64.
	Liu B Y, Du H Y. Necessity, feasibility and relevant suggestions of building agricultural big data center in Dawan District, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao [J]. Journal of Hebei North University (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION), 2021,37(07):61-64.
7	姜泽臻.农业大数据在农业风险防范中的作用分析[J].乡村科技,2021,12(09):119-120.
	Jiang Z Z. Analysis on the role of agricultural big data in agricultural risk prevention [J]. Rural science and technology, 2021,12(09):119-120.
8	中国电子信息产业发展研究院，中国大数据产业生态联盟.2021年中国大数据产业发展白皮书[R].中国电子信息产业发展研究院,2021-07.
	China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute, China big data industry ecological alliance. 2021 white paper on China's big data industry development [R]. China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute, 2021-07.
9	中国电子信息产业发展研究院，中国大数据产业生态联盟.中国大数据区域评估报告（2021年）[R].中国电子信息产业发展研究院,2021-07.
	China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute, China big data industry ecological alliance. China big data regional evaluation report (2021)[R].China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute,2021-07.
10	中国互联网信息中心.第48 次中国互联网发展状况统计报告[EB/OL].
	2021-08-27). 's Internet development [EB/OL].(2021-08-27. .
11	中华人民共和国农业农村部.2020年中国农业农村统计摘要[EB/OL]..
	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Statistical summary of China's agriculture and rural areas in 2020 [EB/OL]..
12	中华人民共和国国家统计局.年度数据[EB/OL]..
	National Bureau of statistics of the People's Republic of China.Annual data [EB/OL]..
13	农业农村信息化专家咨询委员会.中国数字乡村发展报告(2020 年)[R],2020-11.
	Expert Advisory Committee on agricultural and rural informatization. China Digital Village Development Report (2020)[R],2020-11.
14	中华人民共和国农业农村部.《2021全国县域数字农业农村电子商务发展报告》在京发布[EB/OL].(2021-09-10).
	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 2021 National County digital agriculture rural e-commerce development report released in Beijing [EB/OL].(2021-09-10)

指标	一级指标	一级指标权重	二级指标	二级指标权重
大数据发展水平指数（Z）	大数据发展环境指数（HJ）	0.38	大数据管理机构指数（组织建设）HJ1	0.1
			政策环境HJ2	0.2
			信息基础HJ3	0.2
			集聚示范HJ4	0.3
			智力保障HJ5	0.2
	产业规模指数GM	0.18
	创新指数CX	0.15
	数据资源ZY	0.05
	数据总体应用YY	0.24	政务应用YY1	0.08
			工业应用YY2	0.42
			农业等重点行业应用YY3	0.25
			民生应用（医疗教育）YY4	0.25
农业大数据建设指数（D）	系统建设指数DX	0.6	接入国家农业信息系统数量DX1	0.2
			省数据管理系统个数DX2	0.4
			政务系统接入DX3	0.2
			新型农业经营主体信贷直通车建设DX4	0.2
	农业电子商务应用指数DE	0.4	县域农产品网络零售额占比DE1	0.5
	农业电子商务应用指数DE	0.4	农业合作社网络零售额占比DE2	0.5

[1]	汪汇涓, 徐倩, 周爱莲, 梁晓贺, 谢能付, 李小雨, 吴赛赛. 区块链的发展历程及在农业领域的应用展望[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(3): 76-86.
[2]	李强, 高懋芳, 方莹. 农业大数据信息平台构建方法初探[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(2): 24-30.
[3]	陈富桥, 凌晨. 茶叶全产业链大数据中心功能设计与开发进展[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(2): 54-66.
[4]	蒋锐, 黄凤洪, 吴渝, 霍梦佳, 刘华威. 油料（油菜、花生）全产业链大数据的建设[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(2): 67-74.
[5]	顾君, 贾暑花, 曾庆鸿. 基于知识中台的农业单品全产业链大数据平台建设研究[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 25-32.
[6]	张杰, 刘升平, 岳慧丽, 吕纯阳, 洪葳. 智慧蜂业大数据平台建设与应用[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 3-13.
[7]	温晗秋子, 郑永强, 刘杨. 柑橘大数据研究与应用[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 33-44.
[8]	刘海燕, 杨榕, 侯彤瑜, 赵维, 姚兆群, 王海江, 张泽, 高攀, 吕新. 新疆棉田土壤微生物资源大数据平台建设与可视化分析[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 45-55.
[9]	段青玲, 刘怡然, 周新辉, 任妮, 李道亮. 大闸蟹养殖大数据分析模型和应用进展[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 56-65.
[10]	董春岩, 牛明雷, 姚艳, 常晓燕, 吕凌峰, 李楠. 蔬菜全产业链大数据平台建设与应用研究——以大白菜为例[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 66-72.
[11]	顾君, 齐晓军, 苑青微, 曾庆鸿. 农业单品全产业链大数据平台设计与实现[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 73-80.
[12]	官波, 陈娉婷, 罗治情, 马海荣, 沈祥成. 湖北省农业农村大数据发展问题研究[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(1): 81-87.
[13]	陈彦清, 曹永生, 林雨楠, 方沩. 国家作物种质资源观测鉴定站点体系布局方法研究[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2020, 2(4): 20-28.
[14]	吕佳乐, 徐学农. 大数据驱动的天敌资源调查与监测体系构建研究[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2020, 2(4): 78-85.
[15]	王文生. 可信区块链在农业农村应用展望[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2020, 2(2): 14-24.