2023年海南近岸海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性调查数据集

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.100033

农业大数据学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (3): 410-420.doi: 10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.100033

• 数据资源 • 上一篇

2023年海南近岸海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性调查数据集

刘思航¹(), 费小雯², 闫佳³, 邓晓东¹^,^*()

1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 / 海南热带农业资源研究院，海南省海洋生物资源功能性成分研究与利用重点实验室，海口 570100
2.海南医学院生命与基础学院，海口 570100
3.热带海洋学院食品学院，海南三亚 572000

收稿日期:2024-05-07 接受日期:2024-09-14 出版日期:2025-09-26 发布日期:2025-09-28
通讯作者: 邓晓东，E-mail: dengxiaodong@itbb.org.cn。
作者简介:刘思航，E-mail:147625002@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82260669);海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC766);海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2022SHFZ314);农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021);中国热带农业科学院公益项目(1630052019012)

2023 Survey Dataset on the Composition and Species Diversity of Phytoplankton Communities in the Nearshore Waters of Hainan

LIU SiHang¹(), FEI XiaoWen², YAN Jia³, DENG XiaoDong¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology/Hainan Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570100, China
2. College of Life and Fundamentals, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
3. School of Food, Tropical Ocean College, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China

Received:2024-05-07 Accepted:2024-09-14 Published:2025-09-26 Online:2025-09-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海南省四面环海，其周边海域生态环境质量已成为制约社会经济可持续发展的重要因素。本数据集源于农业农村部财政专项项目“南锋专项”Ⅲ期在2023年8月所开展的对于海南周边海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性调查的结果。本数据集旨在调查海南周边海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性，以此评价水域水质情况，为海南省周边海域的水质监测以及水域环境防治提供数据支持，对相关海域的环境与生物多样性研究具有参考价值。数据集中数据调查样地选择为海南省临高黄龙港、东方八所港、万宁石梅湾、文昌新埠海四片海域，采用浅水Ⅲ型浮游生物网采集水样，使用便携式相关指标水质检测仪器进行现场测定各调查站位的气温、水温、pH值、电导率、盐度、溶解氧（COD），样品采用光学显微镜CX41进行全片观察，采用 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数（H′）、Pielou 均匀度指数（J）、优势度（Y）和丰富度指数（d）等数据处理分析方法评价水域水质。本次调查采集微藻及海水样品36份，对样品进行水质检测以及显微镜观察分析。调查结果如下：通过镜检四处海域采样样本鉴定浮游植物种类合计253种，其中硅藻214种，甲藻24种，蓝藻15种，硅藻门物种占总种类数的84.48%，石梅湾样地浮游植物物种最为丰富，新埠样地海浮游植物物种数最少；八所港、石梅湾样地多样性指数均大于3，其中石梅湾多样性指数最高，黄龙港海域的多样性指数小于1；四个样地海湾海域均匀度指数均小于1，其中石梅湾最高为0.81；经水质检测后发现石梅湾的COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷、亚硝酸盐氮为四处海域最低，黄龙港各项水质指标则均要高于其余三处，且黄龙港小环藻属的密度占比已达92.32%。该数据集可用于监测海南周边近岸海域浮游植物种群、密度、优势种等，并为相关部门预防赤潮、水华等自然灾害提供数据支持。

数据摘要：

项目	描述
数据库（集）名称	2023年海南近岸海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性调查数据集
所属学科	生态学、农业科学
研究主题	浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性
数据时间范围	2023年8月
数据地理空间覆盖	海南省周边海域
空间分辨率	海南省；临高市；东方市；万宁市；文昌市
数据类型与技术格式	.xlsx
数据库（集）组成	东方市海域浮游植物数据统计（2023 东方海域浮游植物数据统计.xlsx）；临高市海域浮游植物数据统计（2023 临高海域浮游植物数据统计.xlsx）；万宁市海域浮游植物数据统计（2023 万宁海域浮游植物数据统计.xlsx）；文昌市海域浮游植物数据统计（2023 文昌海域浮游植物数据统计.xlsx）；水质检测数据（2023水质数据测定.xlsx）
数据量	375 KB
主要数据指标	浮游植物的物种数及密度
数据可用性	CSTR:17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00005; https://cstr.cn/17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00005 DOI:10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00005; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00005
经费支持	国家自然科学基金（82260669）；海南省自然科学基金项目（322RC766）；海南省重点研发计划（ZDYF2022SHFZ314）；农业农村部财政专项（NFZX2021）；中国热带农业科学院公益项目（1630052019012）。

关键词: 海南省, 浮游植物, 多样性, 水质检测

Abstract:

Hainan Province is surrounded by the sea on all sides, and the ecological environment quality of its surrounding waters has become an important factor restricting sustainable social and economic development. This dataset is based on the results of a survey on the composition and species diversity of phytoplankton communities in the surrounding waters of Hainan conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs's financial special project "Nanfeng Special Project" Phase III in August 2023. This dataset aims to investigate the composition and species diversity of phytoplankton communities in the surrounding waters of Hainan, in order to evaluate the water quality of the waters. It can provide data support for water quality monitoring and water environment prevention in the surrounding waters of Hainan Province, and has reference value for environmental and biodiversity research in related waters.The survey site for this dataset is selected from four sea areas in Hainan Province, including Lingao Huanglong Port, Dongfang Basuo Port, Wanning Shimei Bay, and Wenchang Xinbu Sea. Water samples were collected using a shallow water type III plankton network, and portable water quality detection instruments were used to measure the temperature, water temperature, pH value, conductivity, salinity, and dissolved oxygen at each survey site. The samples were observed using an optical microscope, CX41, and the water quality was evaluated using data processing and analysis methods such as Shannon Wiener diversity index (H ′), Pielou evenness index (J), dominance index (Y), and richness index (d).This dataset collected a total of 36 microalgae and seawater samples for water quality testing and microscopic observation analysis. The survey results are as follows: A total of 253 species of phytoplankton were identified through microscopic examination of samples collected from four sea areas, including 214 species of diatoms, 24 species of dinoflagellates, and 15 species of blue-green algae. The diatom phylum accounted for 84.48% of the total species, with Shimei Bay being the most abundant in phytoplankton species and Xinbu being the least abundant in marine floating plant species; The diversity indices of the eight ports and Shimei Bay plots are both greater than 3, with Shimei Bay having the highest diversity index and Huanglong Port having a diversity index of less than 1; The evenness index of the four sample bays is less than 1, with the highest being 0.81 in Shimei Bay; After water quality testing, it was found that the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nitrite nitrogen in Shimei Bay were the lowest in all four sea areas. The water quality indicators in Huanglong Port were higher than those in the other three areas, and the density of Microcystis in Huanglong Port accounted for 92.32%, The data set can be used to monitor the phytoplankton population, density and dominant species in the coastal waters around Hainan, and provide data support for relevant departments to prevent natural disasters such as red tide and algal blooms.

Data summary:

Items	Description
Dataset name	2023 Survey dataset on the composition and species diversity of phytoplankton communities in the nearshore waters of Hainan
Specific subject area	Agricultural Science、Ecology
Research topic	Composition and species diversity of phytoplankton communities
Time range	August,2023
Geographical scope	Surrounding waters of Hainan Province
Spatial resolution	Hainan Province; Danzhou City; Dongfang City; Wanning City; Wenchang City
Data types and technical formats	.xlsx
Dataset structure	Data statistics on phytoplankton in the waters of Dongfang City (2023 Dongfang Sea Area phytoplankton data statistics. xlsx); Statistics on phytoplankton data in the sea area of Lingao City (2023 Lingao Sea Area phytoplankton data statistics. xlsx); Statistics on phytoplankton data in the sea area of Wanning City (2023 Wanning Sea Area phytoplankton data statistics. xlsx); Statistics on phytoplankton data in the sea area of Wenchang City (2023 Wenchang Sea Area phytoplankton data statistics. xlsx); Water quality testing data (2023 water quality data determination. xlsx).
Volume of dataset	375 KB
Key index in dataset	The number and density of species of phytoplankton
Data accessibility	CSTR:17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00005; https://cstr.cn/17058.11.sciencedb.agriculture.00005 DOI:10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00005; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.agriculture.00005
Financial support	National Natural Science Foundation of China (82260669); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (322RC766); Hainan Province Key R&D Plan (ZDYF2022SHFZ314); Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Financial Special Project (NFZX2021); Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Public Welfare Project (1630052019012).

Key words: Hainan province, planktonic plants, diversity, water quality testing

刘思航, 费小雯, 闫佳, 邓晓东. 2023年海南近岸海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性调查数据集[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2025, 7(3): 410-420.

LIU SiHang, FEI XiaoWen, YAN Jia, DENG XiaoDong. 2023 Survey Dataset on the Composition and Species Diversity of Phytoplankton Communities in the Nearshore Waters of Hainan[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2025, 7(3): 410-420.

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参考文献 12

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地点	站位	采集地经纬度		采集地环境参数
地点	站位	经度	纬度	水温（℃）	pH	电导率（s/m）	盐度（ppt）	溶解氧COD（mg/mL)
黄龙港	HLG1	109°31'44.09"	19°55'01.71"	32.0	8.9	3.00	32.2	6.59
	HLG2	109°51'28.69"	19°55'14.10"	32.5	8.2	3.00	32.4	7.02
	HLG3	109°31'13.90"	19°55'50.12"	31.8	8.2	2.98	31.5	7.57±0.07
八所港	BSG1	108°37'51.92"	19°06'45.09"	30.5	8.2	2.50	26.8	7.10
	BSG2	108°37'56.68"	19°07'06.36"	30.5	8.2	3.00	34.2	7.72
	BSG3	108°38'15.74"	19°07'22.27"	30.5	8.2	2.50	33.1	10.3
石梅湾	SMW1	110°15'13.57"	18°39'05.77"	29.0	8.1	1.49	34.7	6.32
	SMW2	110°15'39.15"	18°39'14.86"	29.0	8.0	1.49	35.0	6.77
	SMW3	110°16'39.80"	18°39'23.02"	29.0	8.0	1.49	34.9	7.71
新埠海	XBH1	110°33'51.68"	20°05'15.49"	31.9	8.3	1.45	33.5	8.46
	XBH2	110°33'41.00"	20°05'31.44"	31.9	8.3	1.47	33.1	8.33
	XBH3	110°33'54.70"	20°05'44.84"	31.9	8.3	1.50	31.9	8.25

站位		百分比（%）					密度（10⁴cells/m³）
站位		硅藻门	甲藻门	蓝藻门	褐藻门	裸藻门	密度（10⁴cells/m³）
黄龙港	HLG1	99.88	0.06	0.05	0	0	1223.00
	HLG2	99.92	0.04	0.03	0	0	245.00
	HLG3	99.82	0.11	0.07	0	0	167.00
	平均值	99.88	0.07	0.05	0	0	545.00
八所港	BSG1	97.95	0	2.05	0	0	2.26
	BSG2	97.58	1.21	1.21	0	0	3.85
	BSG3	97.42	0.08	2.08	0	0.42	5.59
	平均值	97.65	0.43	1.78	0	0.14	3.90
石梅湾	SMW1	73.46	8.24	18.30	0	0	3.56
	SMW2	76.82	2.04	21.14	0	0	1.06
	SMW3	82.68	1.73	15.59	0	0	3.71
	平均值	77.66	4.00	18.34	0	0	2.78
新埠海	XBH1	99.89	0.05	0.06	0	0	66.80
	XBH2	99.73	0.09	0.18	0	0	22.80
	XBH3	99.99	0.01	0	0	0	28.30
	平均值	99.87	0.05	0.08	0	0	39.30

取样海域	优势种	平均密度 (10⁴cells/m³)	占总密度比例 (%)	出现频率 (%)	优势度
黄龙港	小环藻属	252.00	92.32	100.00	0.923
黄龙港	角毛藻属	6.00	2.10	100.00	0.021
八所港	奇异棍形藻	0.93	23.93	100.00	0.239
	热带骨条藻	0.61	15.69	100.00	0.157
	菱形海线藻	0.43	11.12	100.00	0.111
	中肋骨条藻	0.26	6.55	100.00	0.066
	新月筒柱藻	0.22	5.76	100.00	0.058
	海链藻属	0.22	5.56	100.00	0.056
	泰晤士扭鞘藻	0.15	3.77	100.00	0.038
	丹麦细柱藻	0.12	2.98	100.00	0.030
	角毛藻属	0.14	3.57	66.67	0.024
	具槽直链藻	0.09	2.18	100.00	0.022
石梅湾	薛氏束毛藻	0.41	14.88	100.00	0.149
	角毛藻属	0.37	13.27	100.00	0.133
	劳氏角毛藻	0.22	7.77	100.00	0.078
	菱形海线藻	0.17	6.17	100.00	0.062
	异角毛藻	0.15	5.57	100.00	0.056
	尖刺拟菱形藻	0.22	7.97	66.67	0.053
	三角新角藻	0.12	4.28	100.00	0.043
	窄隙角毛藻	0.12	4.15	100.00	0.042
	平滑角毛藻	0.10	3.60	100.00	0.036
	密连角毛藻	0.09	3.26	100.00	0.033
	海洋角毛藻	0.07	2.67	100.00	0.027
新埠海	中肋骨条藻	19.80	50.51	100.00	0.505
	热带骨条藻	10.90	27.67	100.00	0.277
	海链藻属	3.20	8.25	100.00	0.082
	旋链角毛藻	0.80	2.14	100.00	0.021

站位	多样性指数（H′）	均匀度指数（J）	丰富度指数（d）
黄龙港	0.98	0.17	3.37
八所港	3.59	0.72	3.00
石梅湾	4.19	0.81	3.47
新埠海	2.37	0.46	2.69

2023年海南近岸海域浮游植物群落组成和物种多样性调查数据集

2023 Survey Dataset on the Composition and Species Diversity of Phytoplankton Communities in the Nearshore Waters of Hainan

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