新冠疫情后我国生鲜农产品供应链发展方向

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.200305

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生鲜农产品主要包括蔬菜、水果、肉、蛋、奶以及水产品等具有易腐易损性的生鲜初级产品，这些产品的鲜活程度决定了其自身的价值。2020年，突如其来的新冠疫情给居民生活造成了巨大影响，进而影响到了我国生鲜农产品行业发展的进程，同时对现存生鲜农产品供应链体系提出了新的挑战。通过调查分析了解到疫情期间生鲜农产品出现供需矛盾、供应链信息传递缓慢、供应商进货渠道变窄等消极现象，但同时也从中发现新的机遇，例如冷链物流呈现复苏态势、生鲜农产品供应链迎来新发展等。为进一步了解疫情期间生鲜农产品的运转情况，本文以问卷调查的形式，通过调查华中、华南等七大区域的500名消费者，从疫情期间消费者果蔬购买情况、果蔬质量问题以及果蔬行业未来发展三方面了解疫情发生以来果蔬供应体系发生的变化。研究得出：疫情期间各地均存在果蔬供求失衡的现象；购买果蔬时出现的质量问题较多；反映出我国生鲜产品供应体系存在的不足。基于此，从开展线上线下相融合的供应链模式、智慧物流供应链模式、战略联盟型农产品供应链模式、基于消费需求的农产品供应链模式四个方面提出未来生鲜农产品供应链体系的发展方向，保证了生鲜农产品行业在疫情常态化防控背景下能够正常有序的发展。

关键词: 生鲜农产品, 果蔬, 供应链, 互联网+

Abstract:

Fresh agricultural products mainly include vegetables, fruits, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products. The degree of freshness of perishable primary products determines their own value. In 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has had a huge impact on people's lives, further affecting the development process of China's fresh agricultural products industry and posing new challenges to the existing supply chain system of fresh agricultural products. Our investigation and analysis show that during the epidemic period, there were negative phenomena such as the contradiction between supply and demand of fresh agricultural products, the slow information transmission of the supply chain, and the narrow purchase channels of suppliers. At the same time, we also identify positive outcomes, such as the recovery of cold chain logistics and new developments in the fresh agricultural supply chain. To further understand the outbreak period, we conducted a survey on the running status of fresh agricultural products. This paper investigates the rise in purchases of fruits and vegetables by studying data from 500 consumers in seven regions including central and southern region. We also investigate the problem of the quality of fruits and vegetables and the future development of the fruit and vegetable industry, and we identify three ways of understanding the changes in the fruit and vegetable supply system since the purchasing outbreak. The study concludes that during the imbalance in the supply and demand of fruits and vegetables, when demand for fruits and vegetables is high, problems arise because of limitations of the fresh product supply system in China. Four factors are important to the future development of the fresh agricultural products supply chain system: the integration of the online supply chain model; the wisdom of the logistics supply chain; the strategic alliance model of agricultural products supply chain; and the demand of the agricultural products supply chain pattern. Together these four factors can ensure the stability and orderly development of the fresh agricultural products industry in the context of normalized epidemic prevention.

Key words: fresh agricultural products, fruits and vegetables, supply chain, internet+

中图分类号:

F324.6

李冬男, 潘国杨, 周倩, 李斌. 新冠疫情后我国生鲜农产品供应链发展方向[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2020, 2(3): 42-51.

Dongnan Li, Guoyang Pan, Qian Zhou, Bin Li. The Development Direction of Fresh Agricultural Products Supply Chain in China after COVID-19[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2020, 2(3): 42-51.

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X\Y	线下购买更方便	担心线上购买果蔬的质量和安全	担心商家信誉	物流速度太慢	运输过程会造成果蔬损坏
华中	41.4%	20.7%	10.3%	10.3%	17.2%
华东	28.0%	24.0%	16.0%	10.0%	22.0%
华南	28.2%	28.2%	10.3%	12.8%	20.5%
华北	24.7%	24.7%	11.7%	15.6%	23.4%
西北	30.0%	20.0%	10.0%	18.0%	22.0%
西南	26.3%	23.7%	13.2%	18.4%	18.4%
东北	29.6%	22.5%	7.3%	18.4%	22.2%

X\Y	0%~10%	10%~20%	20%~30%	30%~40%	40%以上
华中	28.1%	31.3%	28.1%	9.4%	3.1%
华东	23.5%	47.1%	26.5%	0.0%	2.9%
华南	36.1%	38.9%	22.2%	2.8%	0.0%
华北	23.7%	45.8%	13.6%	10.2%	6.8%
西北	21.7%	26.1%	26.1%	8.7%	17.4%
西南	48.0%	28.0%	8.0%	4.0%	12.0%
东北	27.2%	33.3%	21.3%	8.6%	9.6%

X\Y	货物囤积	交通阻滞	开工延迟	面临倒闭
华中	37.5%	21.4%	23.2%	17.9%
华东	29.5%	25.6%	25.6%	19.2%
华南	30.5%	15.9%	29.3%	24.4%
华北	29.0%	28.2%	24.2%	18.5%
西北	28.6%	25.0%	23.2%	23.2%
西南	30.2%	22.2%	27.0%	20.6%
东北	31.8%	23.2%	23.5%	21.4%

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