区块链的发展历程及在农业领域的应用展望

doi:10.19788/j.issn.2096-6369.210308

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【有关概念】区块链是一个去中心化的、开放共享的分布式数据库，具有去中心化、高度开放、匿名性、机器自治、信息不可篡改且可追溯等特点。【目前研究现状】目前，区块链技术已成为世界各国争相发展的前沿科技，被应用于金融、教育、医疗等诸多领域，应用成果层出不穷，我国也将其列入了国家战略。当前关于区块链的研究文献大多聚焦于区块链技术在金融领域的发展与应用，以系统性回顾区块链技术发展历程与特点为研究重心的文献相对较少，“区块链+农业”也才处于起步阶段。【本文的内容概括】系统的梳理了区块链的主要发展历程，将其划分为技术起源阶段、区块链1.0阶段、区块链2.0阶段和区块链3.0阶段四个阶段，归纳了各个阶段的主要特征和发展状况，深入探讨了农业领域有代表性的区块链应用案例。在梳理发展历程和分析应用案例的基础上，挖掘区块链技术的应用潜力，总结区块链在农业领域的新机遇，并对我国农业领域区块链技术的发展提出了思考。【展望】区块链技术的应用能有效减少信息不对称、提高信息的公开透明度、降低数据存储成本等，有助于现代农业的发展。为使区块链在农业领域得到更好的应用，未来需要更加深入地了解其面临的潜在问题与挑战，并采取针对性措施以推动农业领域区块链的发展。

关键词: 区块链, 智能合约, 去中心化, 农业区块链, 农业大数据

Abstract:

[Related Concepts]Blockchain is a decentralized, open and shared distributed database that has the characteristics of decentralization, high openness, anonymity, machine autonomy, anti-tampering, and traceability. [Current Research Status]At present, blockchain has become a leading technology to advance the development of countries worldwide and has been applied in many fields, including finance, education, and medical care. Its applications are continuously emerging, and China has now included it as part of the national technology strategy. Most of the available research literature on blockchain technology focuses on its development and application in the financial sector. Few studies have attempted a systematic review of the development process and characteristics of blockchain technology, and "blockchain + agriculture" is still in its infancy. [Summary of This Paper]This paper systematically combs the main development process of blockchain, divides it into four stages (origin of the technology, blockchain 1.0, blockchain 2.0, and blockchain 3.0), summarizes the main characteristics and development status of each stage, and discusses in depth representative cases of blockchain application in the agricultural sector. By combing the development process and analyzing the application cases, this paper explores the application potential of blockchain technology, summarizes new opportunities for blockchain in agriculture, and puts forward ideas for using blockchain technology in agriculture in China. [Prospect]The application of blockchain technology can effectively reduce information asymmetry, improve information transparency, reduce data storage costs, and contribute to the development of modern agriculture. To make blockchain technology more applicable to agriculture, we need to understand the problems and challenges that may arise in the future, while still devising targeted measures to promote the development of blockchain for the agricultural sector.

Key words: blockchain, smart contract, decentralization, agricultural blockchain, agricultural big data

中图分类号:

G203

汪汇涓, 徐倩, 周爱莲, 梁晓贺, 谢能付, 李小雨, 吴赛赛. 区块链的发展历程及在农业领域的应用展望[J]. 农业大数据学报, 2021, 3(3): 76-86.

Huijuan Wang, Qian Xu, Ailian Zhou, Xiaohe Liang, Nengfu Xie, Xiaoyu Li, Saisai Wu. The Development of Blockchain and Its Application in Agriculture[J]. Journal of Agricultural Big Data, 2021, 3(3): 76-86.

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发展历程	所处阶段	应用和发展趋势	定义	代表应用	发展状况
起源时期	技术起源阶段	功能创新时期			对各种信息技术进行创新型组合
创建时期	区块链1.0阶段	数字货币时代	可编程货币	比特币	重点关注数字货币回报，缺少应用性的功能
扩张和发展期	区块链2.0阶段	智能合约时代	可编程金融	以太坊	技术应用得到了极大的突破和发展
快速创新和应用转化期	区块链3.0阶段	各领域应用协同发展	可编程社会	EOS	更加的具有实用性，在各个行业得到应用

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